Question 1

Which of the following best describes IgG antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)   most common type of antibody in the blood during the initial phases of an immune response
B)   the antibody found in body secretions
C)   cause basophils and eosinophils to degranulate
D)   complement activation
E)   unknown function

Question 2

A variety of molecular components of the adaptive immune system bind epitopes (antigenic determinants). Compare and contrast the binding of epitopes by antibody molecules, T cell receptors (TCRs), and MHC molecules, and describe the consequences of the different interactions.

Accepted Answer

Antibody molecules produced by B lymphoc...

Question 3

Which of the following statements concerning B cell receptors (BCRs)  is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are formed in response to an encounter with an antigen.
B)   They are complementary in shape to a specific antigenic determinant that they may or may not encounter.
C)   They are bound to the surface of B lymphocytes and have two antigen-binding sites.
D)   Each B lymphocyte is randomly generated with antibody variable regions that determine its BCR.
E)   Scientists estimate that each person forms at least 1011 different types of B lymphocytes with distinct BCRs.

Question 4

Large molecules such as polymers make good antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is true of chemokines?

Accepted Answer

A)   They ensure production of enough leukocytes.
B)   They are involved in B lymphocyte activation and differentiation.
C)   They are involved in chemotaxis of leukocytes.
D)   They cause basophils and eosinophils to degranulate.
E)   They are substances used to signal between leukocytes.

Question 6

Which of the following produces an exogenous antigen?

Accepted Answer

A)   a bacterium inside a cell
B)   a virus inside a cell
C)   a bacterium outside a cell
D)   a noninfected human cell
E)   the malaria parasite inside a red blood cell

Question 7

Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)   growth factors
B)   interferons
C)   interleukins
D)   tumor necrosis factors
E)   chemokines

Question 8

Which of the following is associated with interleukin 4 (IL-4) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   produced by virally infected cells
B)   B lymphocyte activation and differentiation
C)   ensures production of enough leukocytes
D)   stimulates phagocytes
E)   chemotaxis of leukocytes

Question 9

TCRs only recognize antigens presented by APC; therefore, __________ molecules ultimately determine which epitopes elicit an immune response. (Be sure to use capital letters.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of TCRs only recognize antigens presented by APC;...

Question 10

The immunological synapse refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)   interaction between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell to produce a specialized contact area for communication between these cells.
B)   activation of a B cell to become a plasma cell.
C)   interaction between lymphocytes and foreign antigens to produce memory cells.
D)   binding of a monocyte or macrophage to antigen so that it can act as an antigen-presenting cell.
E)   interaction of the many cytokines produced by different immunological cells.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about T lymphocytes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   There are fewer types of T cell receptors than B cell receptors, and therefore the T lymphocyte cannot react with as many types of antigens.
B)   T lymphocytes directly attack antigens and produce the cell-mediated immune response.
C)   T lymphocytes are called such because they mature in the thymus.
D)   T lymphocytes have TCRs that recognize antigen only if it is bound to MHC.
E)   There are three types of T lymphocytes.

Question 12

The type of immunoglobulin that forms a pentamer is

Accepted Answer

A)   IgE.
B)   IgG.
C)   IgA.
D)   IgM.
E)   IgD.

Question 13

The process of __________ deletion removes lymphocytes that react to autoantigens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of __________ deletion removes lymphocytes...

Question 14

IgG is the most common class of antibodies in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What are the steps involved in B cell activation?

Accepted Answer

B cell activation involves many steps. F...

Question 16

What type of immunity is produced by the body when a person gets a disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   innate immunity
B)   naturally acquired passive immunity
C)   artificially acquired active immunity
D)   artificially acquired passive immunity
E)   naturally acquired active immunity

Question 17

The major histocompatibility antigens are coded for by genes on which chromosome number?

Accepted Answer

A)   3
B)   16
C)   6
D)   12
E)   21

Question 18

The body recognizes antigens by the three dimensional shapes of regions known as __________ determinants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The body recognizes antigens by the three...

Question 19

Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include B cells, macrophages, and __________ cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include B cells,...

Question 20

Major histocompatibility antigens are

Accepted Answer

A)   antigens that provoke allergic reactions.
B)   antigens that must be processed by cells called histiocytes in order to be recognized by the immune system.
C)   antigens attached to foreign invaders.
D)   glycoproteins found in the cytoplasmic membranes of most vertebrate animal cells.
E)   not really antigens, but rather antibodies produced to mask foreign antigens.

Exam 16: Adaptive Immunity

A variety of molecular components of the adaptive immune system bind epitopes (antigenic determinants). Compare and contrast the binding of epitopes by antibody molecules, T cell receptors (TCRs), and MHC molecules, and describe the consequences of the different interactions.

Correct AnswerverifiedAntibody molecules produced by B lymphoc...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following statements about T lymphocytes is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major histocompatibility antigens are coded for by genes on which chromosome number?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of __________ deletion removes lymphocytes that react to autoantigens.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

IgG is the most common class of antibodies in the blood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The type of immunoglobulin that forms a pentamer is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning B cell receptors (BCRs) is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes IgG antibodies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) include B cells, macrophages, and __________ cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following produces an exogenous antigen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of chemokines?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following cytokines act as a signal between leukocytes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is associated with interleukin 4 (IL-4) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the steps involved in B cell activation?

Correct AnswerverifiedB cell activation involves many steps. F...View AnswerShow Answer

The body recognizes antigens by the three dimensional shapes of regions known as __________ determinants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Major histocompatibility antigens are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The immunological synapse refers to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of immunity is produced by the body when a person gets a disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Large molecules such as polymers make good antigens.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

TCRs only recognize antigens presented by APC; therefore, __________ molecules ultimately determine which epitopes elicit an immune response. (Be sure to use capital letters.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Antibody molecules produced by B lymphoc...
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B cell activation involves many steps. F...
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