Question 1

Inferential statistics are:

Accepted Answer

A)   statistical procedures that allow researchers to draw inferences about how statistically meaningful a study's results are.
B)   statistical procedures that organize and summarize research data.
C)   averages that are calculated by adding up a set of quantities and multiplying the sum by the total number of quantities in the set.
D)   A set of techniques for combining data from a number of related studies to determine the explanatory strength of a particular independent variable.

Question 2

If a placebo produces the same results as the real treatment, the reason must be the participants' expectations about the treatment, rather than the treatment itself.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A statistical measure of the relationship between two variables is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   correlation.
B)   the association coefficient.
C)   association.
D)   arbitrage.

Question 4

The word "correlation" is often used as a synonym for "relationship."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

An academic researcher would use the case study method for a research study when:

Accepted Answer

A)   a new discovery has been made regarding a cause-and-effect relationship.
B)   the relationship between two variables needs to be established.
C)   ethical considerations prevent the usage of other sources of information.
D)   the purpose of the research is to track down a cause.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Positive correlations are meaningful, but negative ones are not.
B)   Negative correlations are weak, but positive ones are strong.
C)   Correlations close to +1.0 or 1.0 are strong, whereas correlations close to 0 are weak.
D)   A strong correlation is indicative of a causal relationship between variables.

Question 7

A researcher studies the history of a suicide bomber who attempted to blow up a police station. The researcher's goal is to understand the events and personality traits that led the person to become a bomber. This type of research is called a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   case study.
B)   observational study.
C)   correlational study.
D)   survey study.

Question 8

In Chapter 2, we read about the disastrous consequences that can take place when conclusions are drawn solely on the basis of case studies. How does the alleged connection between autism and vaccinations illustrate the importance of the critical thinking guideline, "Don't Oversimplify," discussed in Chapter 1?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following...

Question 9

Research methods that depict behavior, but do not necessarily yield causal explanations, are called:

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental methods.
B)   single-blind studies.
C)   significance tests.
D)   descriptive methods.

Question 10

Unlike plays and poems, scientific theories are not judged by how pleasing they are. Instead, a theory must be backed by empirical evidence if it is to be taken seriously. Integrate this information from Chapter 2 with the critical thinking guideline, "Avoid Emotional Reasoning," that you studied in Chapter 1.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following...

Question 11

List the five major characteristics of an ideal scientist.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the...

Question 12

A detailed description of a particular individual based on careful observation or formal psychological testing is called a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   observational study.
B)   correlational study.
C)   case study.
D)   survey.

Question 13

Which of the following pairs of variables illustrates a negative correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)   ocean temperature and the number of people at the beach
B)   adult shoe size and IQ scores
C)   the price of a car and the mileage on the odometer
D)   height and weight

Question 14

Psychologists are scientists because:

Accepted Answer

A)   they work with complicated computers and laboratory equipment.
B)   they rely upon sophisticated brain-imaging machines.
C)   they base their work on scientific attitudes and procedures.
D)   psychology is related to human biology, which is an important part of science.

Question 15

_______________ are usually sources of hypotheses, rather than tests of hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

A)   Correlational studies
B)   Case studies
C)   Psychological tests
D)   Regression analyses

Question 16

Dawn is systematically recording the behaviors of the kids in a nursery school, taking pains to avoid being obvious about what she is doing. Dawn is engaging in a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   observational study.
B)   exploratory research.
C)   experimental research.
D)   double-blind study.

Question 17

A _______________ is a statistical measure that provides, with a specified probability, a range of values within which the mean of a population is likely to lie.

Accepted Answer

A)   confidence interval
B)   standard deviation
C)   significance test
D)   descriptive statistic

Question 18

Replication occurs when scientists repeat a study in order to verify or challenge its findings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Dennis believes that women are worse drivers than men. He always notices examples of poor women drivers, but ignores evidence to the contrary, such as poor male drivers or good female drivers. Dennis' behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   the principle of falsifiability.
B)   critical thinking.
C)   the confirmation bias.
D)   skepticism.

Question 20

An advantage of observational studies is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   they can provide accurate descriptions of behavior.
B)   the presence of observers can alter the behavior being observed.
C)   they can answer questions about cause and effect.
D)   they allow experimenters to manipulate variables.

Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

A statistical measure of the relationship between two variables is known as:

Correct Answer
verified

_______________ are usually sources of hypotheses, rather than tests of hypotheses.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following pairs of variables illustrates a negative correlation?

Correct Answer
verified

Replication occurs when scientists repeat a study in order to verify or challenge its findings.

Correct Answer
verified

An academic researcher would use the case study method for a research study when:

Correct Answer
verified

If a placebo produces the same results as the real treatment, the reason must be the participants' expectations about the treatment, rather than the treatment itself.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is true about correlation?

Correct Answer
verified

Dennis believes that women are worse drivers than men. He always notices examples of poor women drivers, but ignores evidence to the contrary, such as poor male drivers or good female drivers. Dennis' behavior is an example of:

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher studies the history of a suicide bomber who attempted to blow up a police station. The researcher's goal is to understand the events and personality traits that led the person to become a bomber. This type of research is called a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

Dawn is systematically recording the behaviors of the kids in a nursery school, taking pains to avoid being obvious about what she is doing. Dawn is engaging in a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the following...
View Answer

Inferential statistics are:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the following...
View Answer

Psychologists are scientists because:

Correct Answer
verified

A detailed description of a particular individual based on careful observation or formal psychological testing is called a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

List the five major characteristics of an ideal scientist.

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the...
View Answer

Research methods that depict behavior, but do not necessarily yield causal explanations, are called:

Correct Answer
verified

The word "correlation" is often used as a synonym for "relationship."

Correct Answer
verified

A _______________ is a statistical measure that provides, with a specified probability, a range of values within which the mean of a population is likely to lie.

Correct Answer
verified

An advantage of observational studies is that:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

A statistical measure of the relationship between two variables is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______________ are usually sources of hypotheses, rather than tests of hypotheses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pairs of variables illustrates a negative correlation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Replication occurs when scientists repeat a study in order to verify or challenge its findings.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An academic researcher would use the case study method for a research study when:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a placebo produces the same results as the real treatment, the reason must be the participants' expectations about the treatment, rather than the treatment itself.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about correlation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dennis believes that women are worse drivers than men. He always notices examples of poor women drivers, but ignores evidence to the contrary, such as poor male drivers or good female drivers. Dennis' behavior is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher studies the history of a suicide bomber who attempted to blow up a police station. The researcher's goal is to understand the events and personality traits that led the person to become a bomber. This type of research is called a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dawn is systematically recording the behaviors of the kids in a nursery school, taking pains to avoid being obvious about what she is doing. Dawn is engaging in a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the following...View AnswerShow Answer

Inferential statistics are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the following...View AnswerShow Answer

Psychologists are scientists because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A detailed description of a particular individual based on careful observation or formal psychological testing is called a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List the five major characteristics of an ideal scientist.

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the...View AnswerShow Answer

Research methods that depict behavior, but do not necessarily yield causal explanations, are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The word "correlation" is often used as a synonym for "relationship."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A _______________ is a statistical measure that provides, with a specified probability, a range of values within which the mean of a population is likely to lie.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An advantage of observational studies is that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the following...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the following...
View Answer

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verified

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verified
A good answer will include the...
View Answer

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