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Cost reduction pressures can be particularly intense in industries producing:


A) commodity-type products.
B) highly differential products.
C) highly customized services.
D) goods that have no close substitutes.
E) goods that need minimal advertising.

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List and briefly describe each of the four basic global strategies.

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Companies that pursue a global standardi...

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An international strategy may not be viable in the long term,but companies that can pursue it need to shift toward a global standardization strategy to survive.

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True

Global expansion:


A) is feasible only for non-technology based companies.
B) can enable companies to increase their profitability and grow their profits more rapidly.
C) has significantly decreased in the recent years as the industry barriers are now higher.
D) does not involve selling existing products to new markets in different countries.
E) is not feasible for service-based firms.

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Which of the following is not a necessity for leveraging the competencies of global subsidiaries?


A) Incentives for local managers to share knowledge and ideas
B) Awareness among managers that competencies can develop anywhere
C) Assertion of monopoly of the corporate center over subsidiaries
D) Transfer of competencies around the company
E) Incentives that encourage employees to take necessary risks

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Global economies of scale can be realized by:


A) restricting the expansion of overseas sales.
B) limiting the utilization of production facilities.
C) curbing bargaining power with suppliers.
D) decreasing cost savings through learning effects.
E) spreading the fixed costs associated with developing.

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E

Relish is a large fast food chain that operates in many countries.As there are several competitors in the fast food sector,the company has been facing intense pressures for achieving low cost structures.The company also faces the task of customizing its product line as there are significant differences in tastes and preferences among customers in different geographic locations.In order to achieve both low costs and product differentiation,the company should aim to pursue a _____ strategy.


A) global standardization
B) transnational
C) localization
D) downsizing
E) divestment

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When a company licenses its technology it can quickly lose control over it.

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True

For a strategic alliance,firms should seek partners that are:


A) different in terms of vision and agendas.
B) known for being opportunistic.
C) willing to share costs and risks of product development.
D) radically different when it comes to strategic goals.
E) similar when it comes to capabilities.

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Despite the globalization of production and markets,many of the most successful companies in certain industries are still clustered in a small number of countries.

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Which entry mode gives a multinational the tightest control over foreign operations?


A) Exporting from the home country and letting a foreign agent organize local marketing
B) Licensing
C) Franchising
D) Entering into a joint venture with a foreign company to set up overseas operations
E) Setting up a wholly owned subsidiary

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Starbucks,Sony,and Coca-Cola conduct business in two or more countries.These companies can be referred to as multinational companies.

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Which of the following statements is true in the context of local demand conditions?


A) Companies are typically least sensitive to the needs of their closest customers.
B) Home demand plays little role in helping companies upgrade their national competitive advantage.
C) A nation's companies gain competitive advantage if their domestic customers are sophisticated and demanding.
D) The characteristics of international demand alone shape the attributes of a company's products; not local demand.
E) Local demand characteristics have little role to play in creating pressure for innovation and quality.

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Differences in tastes and preferences:


A) increase pressures for cost reductions.
B) do not affect service-based firms.
C) increase pressures for local responsiveness.
D) reduce pressures from the host government.
E) significantly decrease R&D costs of a company.

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A company can increase its growth rate by taking goods or services developed at home and selling them internationally.

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Factor endowments,the cost and quality of factors of production,are a prime determinant of the competitive advantage that certain countries have in certain industries.

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Black and Decker,Capitol One,Gillette,and Unilever are all companies that conduct business in two or more national markets.These companies are known as:


A) bimarket companies.
B) national companies.
C) domestic companies.
D) multinational companies.
E) localized companies.

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Strategic alliances can be designed to make it difficult (if not impossible)to transfer technology that is not meant to be transferred.

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Which of the following factors increases pressures for cost reductions?


A) Meaningful differentiation between products
B) Reduced international competition
C) Competitors that are based in high-cost locations
D) High switching costs
E) Persistent excess capacity

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Most manufacturing companies begin their global expansion by exporting.

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