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Joyce was hospitalized as a result of an attempted suicide. She tried to call her therapist before taking an overdose of pills, but he could not be reached because he was on vacation and did not make provisions for a replacement therapist while he was gone. This action constitutes the following type of professional negligence:


A) misdiagnosis.
B) client abandonment.
C) vicarious liability.
D) practicing beyond the scope of competency.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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B

Most ethical codes specify that therapists should:


A) be available to their clients even when they are on vacation.
B) inform clients that their records are inaccessible to them.
C) inform clients that a diagnosis can become a permanent part of their file and have ramifications in terms of cost of insurance, long-term insurability, and employment.
D) alter case notes that are damaging to the client if they are subpoenaed into court.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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______________________can result from unjustified departure from usual practice or from failing to exercise proper care in fulfilling one's responsibilities.


A) Malpractice
B) Professional negligence
C) Standard of care
D) Termination

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Samuel has been planning a two week vacation to Europe for months. He is a private practitioner and has a caseload of clients who have dependency issues. As an ethical practitioner, Samuel should:


A) not inform his clients until a few days before he leaves.
B) not go on vacation so as to not increase his clients' anxiety levels.
C) provide his clients with another therapist in case of need.
D) bring back a souvenir for each client to show them how important they are to him.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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California enacted a law in 2011 allowing mental health practitioners to treat minors (12 years or older) if:


A) a minor would like to enter into a counseling relationship; it is necessary to have informed parental or guardian consent or for counseling to be court ordered.
B) the practitioner is informed by the minor he or she would like to enter into a counseling relationship for minor educational purposes.
C) the practitioner determines the minor is mature enough to participate intelligently in outpatient treatment or mental health counseling. However, the statute does require parental (or guardian) involvement in the______________________treatment unless the therapist finds, after consulting with the minor, that this would be inappropriate under the circumstances.
D) there is no reason for a minor to be treated without parent consent.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Concerning counseling via the Internet, which statement is most accurate?


A) The codes of the major professional organizations offer detailed guidance regarding ethical practices in the use of technology.
B) There are both advantages and disadvantages in using Internet technology to deliver counseling services.
C) Most experts agree that what is being currently offered via Internet counseling is a form of traditional psychotherapy.
D) This form of counseling is not suited to a problem-solving approach.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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B

Inappropriate socialization with clients, burdening clients with a counselor's personal problems, and putting clients in awkward business situations are examples of:


A) inappropriate crisis intervention.
B) established therapeutic practices.
C) unhealthy transference relationships.
D) seeking balance in the counseling relationship.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Ignoring evidence of peer misconduct is:


A) self-preserving.
B) ethical.
C) an ethical violation.
D) illegal, but not unethical.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Written consent forms should NOT include:


A) a discussion of how a managed care system will affect the treatment, if applicable.
B) a detailed description of what will occur in therapy and a guarantee that the client will resolve their issues.
C) a statement describing the counselor's theoretical orientation and how this will affect treatment.
D) clarification pertaining to fees and charges and procedures for filing for insurance reimbursement.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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To succeed in a malpractice claim, the plaintiff needs to show that a breach of duty did exist in which:


A) the practitioner failed to foresee the client's intention to commit suicide despite warning signs that the client was decompensating and/or the practitioner failed to provide the appropriate standard of care.
B) the client failed to get better in spite of reasonable care.
C) there was no professional relationship between therapist and client.
D) the client was explained informed consent in detail and the therapist practiced within his or her scope of capacity.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Informed consent generally implies that the person:


A) does not have the capacity to consent.
B) has verbally given consent.
C) has been persuaded or coerced to sign the consent form.
D) has the capacity to consent and has freely, without undue influence, expressed consent.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following would be LEAST likely to lead to a malpractice suit?


A) Failure to obtain or document informed consent
B) Practicing beyond the scope of competency
C) Unhealthy transference relationships
D) Engaging in a bartering arrangement with a client

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is NOT an alternative technology to online counseling?


A) Tablets
B) Telehealth
C) Telephone counseling
D) Smartphones

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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______________________is the failure to render professional services or to exercise the degree of skill that is ordinarily expected of other professionals in a similar situation.


A) Risk management
B) Standard of care
C) Malpractice
D) Informed consent

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Of the following, which is an example of a behavior that might leave a mental health practitioner vulnerable to a malpractice suit?


A) Used a procedure within the realm of accepted professional practice
B) Employed a technique that he or she was not trained to use
C) Used a procedure to which the client did not respond favorably
D) Explained the possible consequences of treatment and the client still wanted to participate in the process

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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______________________should include a record of client and therapist behavior that is clinically relevant, including interventions used, client responses to treatment strategies, the evolving treatment plan, and any follow-up measures taken.


A) Assessments
B) Progress notes
C) Intakes
D) Screenings

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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B

Which of the following is NOT a professional association's ethical codes or guidelines in regards to technology and online counseling?


A) Psychologists who offer online services inform clients of the risks to privacy and the limits of confidentiality.
B) Competence to provide online counseling is the most important aspect of ethical codes or guidelines.
C) Counselors are expected to inform clients of the benefits and limitations of using technology in the counseling process.
D) Therapists must: (a) determine that electronic therapy is appropriate for clients, taking into account the clients' intellectual, emotional, and physical needs; (b) inform clients of the potential risks and benefits associated with electronic therapy; (c) ensure the security of their communication medium; and (d) only commence electronic therapy after appropriate education, training, or supervised experience using the relevant technology.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The intent of a(n) is to define boundaries and clarify the nature of the basic counseling relationship between the counselor and the client.


A) supervision contract
B) informed consent document
C) HIPAA document
D) release of information form

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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In the event that a practitioner is sued, he or she should:


A) try to resolve the matter directly with the client.
B) destroy or alter files or reports that may be incriminating.
C) enter into personal therapy.
D) promptly retain an attorney.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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The definition of a minor varies from state to state; however:


A) all states agree a minor is under 18.
B) all states agree on the age a minor can consent to their own health care in all circumstances.
C) all states agree minors are incapable of consenting to any and all health care due to lack of maturity.
D) the upper range is 18 to 21 years of age, although some states authorize 16-year-olds to consent to their own health care in some circumstances.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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