Question 1

A friend of yours,a senior,took the Graduate Record Exam in September and scored in the 99th percentile.In February,your friend took the same exam over again.This time your friend scored in the 90th percentile.As a research methods student,you told your friend that his/her lowered score was most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  testing.
B)  differential selection.
C)  statistical regression.
D)  demoralization.
E)  compensation rivalry.

Question 2

Kyo is looking to perform a quick research study to determine the effects of a documentary about domestic violence on people's perceptions of violence.His experiment consists of administering a brief survey to a group,having them watch a movie,then surveying them as they leave to determine if any change occurred.What kind of design is Kyo utilizing?

Accepted Answer

A)  one-shot case study
B)  classical experiment
C)  static-group comparison
D)  natural experiment
E)  one group pretest-posttest

Question 3

Which of the following would constitute a "natural" experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conducting a survey of city park workers regarding their job satisfaction
B)  Doing a comparative analysis of families that choose to stay and those who choose to move out of a racially changing neighborhood to find out the underlying causes for the difference in their choices
C)  Evaluating a drug courts program on drug user relapses
D)  Presenting half of a classroom with a documentary on discrimination,then measuring student opinions on race
E)  Soliciting teenagers at a mall to view a Pickup commercial and discuss their impressions

Question 4

An experiment examines the effect of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variable on the independent variable.
B)  posttest on the pretest.
C)  control group on the experimental group.
D)  independent variable on the dependent variable.
E)  independent variable on the stimulus.

Question 5

Professor Rose was asked to design an experiment to test whether obese people would lose weight on a Pickup diet plan.Professor Rose was not a methodologist.Rose asked for your help.You immediately told Rose that the selected design would have to be sensitive to the issues of statistical regression,mortality,and demoralization.Rose said,"I don't understand." Explain these issues to Rose.Suggest and explain a design that would control for these problems.

Accepted Answer

Typical answers will define statistical regression as a concern with the fact that the study is using people who have extreme weights and consequently,they can only lose weight.
Mortality refers to dropping out of the study.People may drop out because they do not like the diet or because the study is conducted over a prolonged period of time and they lose interest.
Demoralization refers to feelings of deprivation within the control group and so they give up;they have not lost any weight.The classical experimental design would control for these issues.

Question 6

The classical experimental design:

Accepted Answer

A)  helps guard against the sources of internal and external validity.
B)  helps guard against the sources of internal invalidity.
C)  helps guard against the sources of external invalidity.
D)  cannot guard against the sources of either internal or external invalidity.
E)  and what it helps guard against depends upon the particular experiment. B

Question 7

The dependent variable is also known as the experimental stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In a natural experiment,the researcher does NOT manipulate the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

With a large pool of subjects,randomization is the preferred technique for assigning subjects to experimental and control groups even when you CAN specify in advance the relevant matching variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The question of internal invalidity refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the comparison of the results obtained for the experimental group with those obtained for the control group.
B)  whether the experimental stimulus really affected the dependent variable.
C)  the determination of the proper time to do the posttest.
D)  the determination of the proper time to do the pretest.
E)  generalizability.

Question 11

An instrumentation effect occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the instrument employed for the pretest has an effect that shows up on the posttest.
B)  the measurement instrument is changed from the pretest to the posttest.
C)  there is a change on the dependent variable from the pretest score to the posttest score.
D)  the stimulus is changed from the pretest to the posttest.
E)  all of these choices indicate an instrumentation effect.

Question 12

Instrumentation is NOT a threat to internal invalidity in the one-shot case study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 13

In order to ensure that experimental and control groups are similar before the experiment begins,social scientists sometimes:

Accepted Answer

A)  pair subjects who are identical on relevant variables and assign one to the control group and one to the experimental group.
B)  create groups that are equivalent in terms of their averages on some relevant variables.
C)  randomly assign subjects to the experimental and control groups.
D)  match subjects on relevant variables.
E)  engage in activities mentioned in all of these choices.

Question 14

The Solomon four-group design utilizes how many control groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  1
B)  2
C)  3
D)  4
E)  0

Question 15

The use of an experimental group allows the researcher to control for the effects of the experiment itself.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The Solomon four-group design:

Accepted Answer

A)  combines the classical experimental design with the posttest-only control group design.
B)  combines the classical experimental design with the pretest-only control group design.
C)  combines the classical experimental design with the static-group comparison design.
D)  combines the static-group comparison design with the one-group pretest-posttest design.
E)  has not been explained by any of these choices.

Question 17

Researchers tend to use probability sampling to recruit subjects for the experimental and control groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A fully representative sample is not as essential in experimental research,because we are measuring effects on the individual,not the individual themselves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In Professor John's three week experiment,the control group has realized that the experimental group is being exposed to lavish lunches as part of the experiment,while they are stuck with plain microwaved meals.In protest,they have decided to stop full participation.Which form of internal invalidity does Professor John have to worry about?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maturation
B)  Demoralization
C)  Selection biases
D)  Experimental mortality
E)  Statistical regression

Question 20

Which of the following experimental designs have the least explanatory power compared to the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical experimental design
B)  Solomon four-group design
C)  Posttest-only control group design
D)  One-shot case study
E)  All experimental designs have equal explanatory power

Exam 8: Experiments

Correct Answer
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Which of the following would constitute a "natural" experiment?

Correct Answer
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An experiment examines the effect of the:

Correct Answer
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The classical experimental design:

Correct Answer
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B

The dependent variable is also known as the experimental stimulus.

Correct Answer
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In a natural experiment,the researcher does NOT manipulate the independent variable.

Correct Answer
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With a large pool of subjects,randomization is the preferred technique for assigning subjects to experimental and control groups even when you CAN specify in advance the relevant matching variables.

Correct Answer
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The question of internal invalidity refers to:

Correct Answer
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An instrumentation effect occurs when:

Correct Answer
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Instrumentation is NOT a threat to internal invalidity in the one-shot case study.

Correct Answer
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True

In order to ensure that experimental and control groups are similar before the experiment begins,social scientists sometimes:

Correct Answer
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The Solomon four-group design utilizes how many control groups?

Correct Answer
verified

The use of an experimental group allows the researcher to control for the effects of the experiment itself.

Correct Answer
verified

The Solomon four-group design:

Correct Answer
verified

Researchers tend to use probability sampling to recruit subjects for the experimental and control groups.

Correct Answer
verified

A fully representative sample is not as essential in experimental research,because we are measuring effects on the individual,not the individual themselves.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following experimental designs have the least explanatory power compared to the others?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: Experiments

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would constitute a "natural" experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An experiment examines the effect of the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The classical experimental design:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The dependent variable is also known as the experimental stimulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a natural experiment,the researcher does NOT manipulate the independent variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With a large pool of subjects,randomization is the preferred technique for assigning subjects to experimental and control groups even when you CAN specify in advance the relevant matching variables.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The question of internal invalidity refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An instrumentation effect occurs when:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Instrumentation is NOT a threat to internal invalidity in the one-shot case study.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

In order to ensure that experimental and control groups are similar before the experiment begins,social scientists sometimes:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Solomon four-group design utilizes how many control groups?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of an experimental group allows the researcher to control for the effects of the experiment itself.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Solomon four-group design:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers tend to use probability sampling to recruit subjects for the experimental and control groups.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fully representative sample is not as essential in experimental research,because we are measuring effects on the individual,not the individual themselves.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following experimental designs have the least explanatory power compared to the others?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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True

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