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Exam 2: Research Approaches and Methods of Data Collection

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Question 21

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What is the main difference between experimentation done in a field setting and experimentation done in a laboratory?

A) in field experimentation, variables are not manipulated
B) in field experimentation, no attempt is made to control extraneous variables
C) in field experimentation, the setting is "real life" and not contrived
D) in field experimentation, one can study only a small number of people

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 22

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Which of the following is NOT a strength of the experimental approach?

A) proving your hypothesis is correct
B) inferring a causal relationship
C) manipulating precisely one or more variables
D) controlling extraneous variables

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Question 23

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According to the text, "observations of phenomena that are made to occur" in a psychology experiment, phenomenon refers to

An effect is

An increasing number of researchers are conducting experiments over the Internet because of the advantages it affords. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using the Internet to conduct and experiment?

What is the primary weakness of a correlational study?

You want to conduct a study to determine whether wedding proposals tend occur more frequently during storm-related power outages. What kind of study would you be conducting?

Which of the following would not be considered a field experiment?

In a study designed to identify factors involved in helping behavior, a man on a crowded bus clutches his chest and falls to the floor. In one of the conditions of the study the man is clean shaven and wearing a suit; in the other condition he has a scraggly beard and is wearing a dirty t-shirt and jeans. The amount of time it takes for someone to help the man is recorded. In this example the independent variable is

_________data is data that was left behind by another research or collected for some other purpose.

Which of the following methods of data collection is subject to reactivity?

An) ______ variable specifies how a causal relationship between two variables is different depending on a particular situation or circumstance. For example, if a researcher finds that a new experimental drug is effective in alleviating depression in young adult but not older adults.

What is the most critical aspect of the experimental method that allows us to make statements about cause and effect based on experimental data?

Although we cannot establish causality from a correlational study, statistical techniques are available to help clarify relationships. One of these is known as_______ and involves identifying multiple variables that are related to a single outcome either directly or indirectly through mediating variables) .

An advantage of doing experiments in the laboratory over the field setting is that

A researcher is interested in the effects of teaching styles on learning. She randomly assigns students to either a lecture-based class taught at 8:00 a.m. or a discussion-based class taught at 2:00 p.m. Her results reveal that students in the discussion-based class performed better than those in the lecture-based class. In this example the time that the class is taught could be considered an) ________variable, making it impossible to establish a causal connection between teaching method and classroom performance.

Which of the following is NOT an example of data collected in a quantitative research study?

As noted in your text, one disadvantage of the experimental approach is the inability to:

In chapter 1, we learned that the main objectives of scientific research are description, explanation, prediction, and control. Of all the nonexperimental research techniques studied, correlational research is particularly well suited for which objectives?

Ramon determines that in his neighborhood "amount of ice cream consumed" and "number of violent crimes" are positively correlated -- the more ice cream consumed, the more crimes are committed. He concludes that something in ice cream leads people to commit violent crimes. What has Ramon overlooked?