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Exam 13: Xperimentation

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Question 31

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The marketing researcher for a game company is conducting an experiment to test customer reaction to the pricing of a new game designed for use by adults.A list of customers who had sent the company complaint letters was readily available, and the researcher rearranged this list by ZIP code, sending every third person a color brochure on the new game.Each respondent was asked to return a postcard, stating an intention to purchase or not to purchase the game at the listed price.Which of the following is true?

A) The sampling method ensures that all geographic areas are represented.
B) The external validity of the study is ensured, since respondents who are sitting in their homes are reacting under real life
Circumstances.
C) The sample is likely to over-represent the lower class.
D) The design of the study suffers from selection bias.
E) None of the above.

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Question 32

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Trend studies and continuous panel studies are two examples of time series designs.

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Question 33

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A matched control group may be represented as M X 0₁ -------- M O₂

Because the validity issue in any experiment is so important, the researcher is justified in going to any expense to guarantee validity.

Causation is established when two variables vary concomitantly.

Use the following information for questions Members of an anti-smoking group needed to test the effectiveness of an education pamphlet which they intended to circulate among the public.They first interviewed a group of respondents to find out their attitudes towards the detrimental effects of smoking.Next, the respondents were given the pamphlet to read.Finally, the respondents were interviewed again, for the second time that day. -The internal validity of the smoking study above is threatened by the before-measure effect.

In the absence of a true experiment, there is no way to adequately control for an identified intervening variable.

A non-matched control group may be represented as X O₁.

In the textbook notation for experimental design

A marketing research manager, who wants to reduce the cost of experimentation, decides to use the Latin square design.This decision is based on the assumption that any interaction between variables can be ignored.

One way to address causality is to consider the time lag between cause and effect

External and internal validity go hand in hand.An experiment lacking in one is probably lacking in the other.

The key question in a trend study is

Threats to the validity of continuous panel data include which of the following?

The before-after randomized control group design eliminates the before-measure effect.

In non-matched control group designs, one group is exposed to treatment while another is not.The response variable is measured in the two sample groups at the end of the experiment.This solves the problem of selection bias.

Experiments are defined as studies in which implementation involves an intervention by the observer beyond that required for measurement.

Use the following information for questions Members of an anti-smoking group needed to test the effectiveness of an education pamphlet which they intended to circulate among the public.They first interviewed a group of respondents to find out their attitudes towards the detrimental effects of smoking.Next, the respondents were given the pamphlet to read.Finally, the respondents were interviewed again, for the second time that day. -The internal validity of the smoking study above is threatened by the mortality effect.

The simple "try-it-out" design can be represented by the following notion: X O

The internal validity of an experiment depends on the extent to which competing explanations for the results are avoided.