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Exam 16: DNA: The Indispensable Forensic Science Tool

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Question 21

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The four bases associated with DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and ________.

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Question 22

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Which statement regarding STRs is true?

A) Restriction enzymes are used to cut STRs from the DNA helix.
B) There is little variation in the number of repeats from person to person.
C) All humans have the same type of STRs.
D) Typically a core repeat sequence would consist of 15-30 bases.

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Question 23

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A short tandem repeat (STR)is a region of a DNA molecule that contains short segments consisting of 50-100 repeating base pairs.

Decoding the human ________ can be useful for diagnosing and treating genetic diseases.

A conventional STR profile emanating from a mixture of DNA from male donors yields four peaks or bands for each locus present. How many peaks or bands would you normally expect for each locus if a Y-STR profile is performed on the same sample?

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A)A technique for separating molecules through their migration on a support medium while under the influence of an electrical potential B)Different fragment lengths of base pairs that result from cutting a DNA molecule with restriction enzymes C)A genetic locus useful for determining gender D)Small structures outside the nucleus that supply energy to the cell E)Cells derived from the inner cheek lining F)The building blocks of proteins G)A technique that simultaneously detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis H)An unstained object adjacent to an area on which biological material has been deposited I)A technique for replicating or copying a portion of a DNA strand outside a living cell J)A rod-like structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located K)A repeating unit of DNA consisting of one of four bases-adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine-attached to a phosphate-sugar group L)The process of joining two complementary strands of DNA to form a double-stranded molecule M)A region of a DNA molecule that contains short segments of three to seven repeating base pairs N)A short strand of DNA used to target a region of DNA for replication by PCR O)DNA from skin cells transferred onto the surface of an object by simple contact -Amelogenin gene

The building blocks of the DNA molecule are known as:

Electrophoresis is widely used in the characterization of proteins and DNA in dried blood.

Which statement about mitochondrial DNA is INCORRECT?

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A)A technique for separating molecules through their migration on a support medium while under the influence of an electrical potential B)Different fragment lengths of base pairs that result from cutting a DNA molecule with restriction enzymes C)A genetic locus useful for determining gender D)Small structures outside the nucleus that supply energy to the cell E)Cells derived from the inner cheek lining F)The building blocks of proteins G)A technique that simultaneously detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis H)An unstained object adjacent to an area on which biological material has been deposited I)A technique for replicating or copying a portion of a DNA strand outside a living cell J)A rod-like structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located K)A repeating unit of DNA consisting of one of four bases-adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine-attached to a phosphate-sugar group L)The process of joining two complementary strands of DNA to form a double-stranded molecule M)A region of a DNA molecule that contains short segments of three to seven repeating base pairs N)A short strand of DNA used to target a region of DNA for replication by PCR O)DNA from skin cells transferred onto the surface of an object by simple contact -Touch DNA

Name two advantages and two disadvantages of mitochondrial DNA analysis compared to nuclear DNA analysis.

Assume that two strands of DNA have been separated and that the base sequence on one strand is ATGC. What is the sequence of bases on the second strand?

Describe the process of DNA replication. What is the importance of DNA replication?

What is an advantage of working with short DNA fragments?

The molecular structure of DNA was deduced by:

Which statement about tandem repeats is NOT true?

Small amounts of blood are best submitted to a crime laboratory:

The sequence of ________ acids in a protein chain determines the shape and function of the protein.

The synthesis of new DNA from existing DNA is known as hybridization.

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A)A technique for separating molecules through their migration on a support medium while under the influence of an electrical potential B)Different fragment lengths of base pairs that result from cutting a DNA molecule with restriction enzymes C)A genetic locus useful for determining gender D)Small structures outside the nucleus that supply energy to the cell E)Cells derived from the inner cheek lining F)The building blocks of proteins G)A technique that simultaneously detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis H)An unstained object adjacent to an area on which biological material has been deposited I)A technique for replicating or copying a portion of a DNA strand outside a living cell J)A rod-like structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located K)A repeating unit of DNA consisting of one of four bases-adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine-attached to a phosphate-sugar group L)The process of joining two complementary strands of DNA to form a double-stranded molecule M)A region of a DNA molecule that contains short segments of three to seven repeating base pairs N)A short strand of DNA used to target a region of DNA for replication by PCR O)DNA from skin cells transferred onto the surface of an object by simple contact -Hybridization