Question 1

What is a statistical tool that indicates the extent to which changes in one factor are accompanied by changes in a second factor?

Accepted Answer

A)   variance
B)   correlation
C)   mean
D)   dependent variableE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

To be meaningful,a philosophical assumption should have some bearing on our view of reality.In other words,it should be

Accepted Answer

A)   comprehensive.
B)   coherent.
C)   relevant.
D)   compelling.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D) C

Question 3

The logical consistency of a philosophical assumption refers to the criterion of

Accepted Answer

A)   comprehensiveness.
B)   coherence.
C)   compellingness.
D)   relevance.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

If a personality theory is riddled with inconsistencies and contradictions,it is most likely to be criticized as

Accepted Answer

A)   irrelevant.
B)   lacking comprehensiveness.
C)   unscientific.
D)   incoherent.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Explain why it is important to distinguish among the different functions of personality theories.

Accepted Answer

It is important to distinguish among the...

Question 6

The major problem with projective tests,such as the Rorschach,is that they

Accepted Answer

A)   are difficult to score objectively.
B)   present ambiguous stimuli.
C)   are interpreted differently by each patient.
D)   lack standardized instructions for administration.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B) A

Question 7

Philosophical statements are ultimately tested by

Accepted Answer

A)   rigorous experimentation.
B)   perceptual observation.
C)   empirical means.
D)   their compellingness.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

In 1952,______________ stunned the therapeutic community with a report on treatment outcomes indicating that various forms of psychotherapy are no more effective than a placebo or no treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)   Freud
B)   Rogers
C)   Eysenck
D)   RychlakE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Of the following questions,which most accurately reflects the study of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)   How do humans differ from animals?
B)   Who am I?
C)   How have humans changed over the course of history?
D)   When are behavior patterns determined?E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Thomas Kuhn suggests that scientific activity is

Accepted Answer

A)   an inappropriate way to study human behavior.
B)   based on private, intrinsically unique perceptions.
C)   secondary to philosophical knowledge.
D)   based on a paradigm that existed before the scientific activity took place.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D) D

Question 11

What is an operational definition?

Accepted Answer

A)   An inferred conclusion based on coinciding observations
B)   A specification of the behaviors included in a concept
C)   An imaginary, or hypothetical, construct
D)   A statement based on deductive reasoning and knowledgeE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

What is an objective personality test that is made up of over 550 self-report items to which the participant answers "true," "false," or "cannot say"?

Accepted Answer

A)   Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) .
B)   Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) .
C)   Rorschach.
D)   Stanford-Binet IQ Test.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Imaginary,or hypothetical,concepts that are invoked by scientists are called

Accepted Answer

A)   empirical statements.
B)   objective data.
C)   operational definitions.
D)   scientific constructs.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Explain the characteristics of scientific statements.

Accepted Answer

Scientific statements are characterized ...

Question 15

Assume that you are a scientist faced with two rival hypotheses.Explain the criteria you would use to decide between them.

Accepted Answer

As a scientist faced with two rival hypo...

Question 16

The basic philosophical issue of optimism versus pessimism that personality theorists consider centers on whether

Accepted Answer

A)   people can change their personalities over time.
B)   human nature is fundamentally good or bad.
C)   hope is an essential feature of psychotherapy.
D)   personality theories can adequately explain or predict human behavior.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Of the following philosophical assumptions,which one concerns a person's ability to control his own behavior and understand the motives behind it?

Accepted Answer

A)   Freedom versus determinism
B)   Heredity versus environment
C)   Uniqueness versus universality
D)   Optimism versus pessimismE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Explain why personality is difficult to define and briefly cite two different definitions given by personality theorists.

Accepted Answer

Personality is difficult to define becau...

Question 19

Which of the following approaches to psychotherapy did Hans Eysenck advocate the most?

Accepted Answer

A)   behaviorist
B)   psychoanalytic
C)   humanistic
D)   cognitiveE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

How can an appreciation of a wide range of personality theories (e.g.,both Western and non-Western) influence one's tolerance for cultural diversity or political viewpoints?

Accepted Answer

An appreciation of a wide range of perso...

Exam 1: Introduction Evaluating Personality Theories

What is a statistical tool that indicates the extent to which changes in one factor are accompanied by changes in a second factor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To be meaningful,a philosophical assumption should have some bearing on our view of reality.In other words,it should be

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The logical consistency of a philosophical assumption refers to the criterion of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a personality theory is riddled with inconsistencies and contradictions,it is most likely to be criticized as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why it is important to distinguish among the different functions of personality theories.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIIt is important to distinguish among the...View AnswerShow Answer

The major problem with projective tests,such as the Rorschach,is that they

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Philosophical statements are ultimately tested by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 1952,______________ stunned the therapeutic community with a report on treatment outcomes indicating that various forms of psychotherapy are no more effective than a placebo or no treatment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following questions,which most accurately reflects the study of personality?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thomas Kuhn suggests that scientific activity is

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What is an operational definition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is an objective personality test that is made up of over 550 self-report items to which the participant answers "true," "false," or "cannot say"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imaginary,or hypothetical,concepts that are invoked by scientists are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the characteristics of scientific statements.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIScientific statements are characterized ...View AnswerShow Answer

Assume that you are a scientist faced with two rival hypotheses.Explain the criteria you would use to decide between them.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIAs a scientist faced with two rival hypo...View AnswerShow Answer

The basic philosophical issue of optimism versus pessimism that personality theorists consider centers on whether

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following philosophical assumptions,which one concerns a person's ability to control his own behavior and understand the motives behind it?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why personality is difficult to define and briefly cite two different definitions given by personality theorists.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIPersonality is difficult to define becau...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following approaches to psychotherapy did Hans Eysenck advocate the most?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How can an appreciation of a wide range of personality theories (e.g.,both Western and non-Western) influence one's tolerance for cultural diversity or political viewpoints?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIAn appreciation of a wide range of perso...View AnswerShow Answer

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Scientific statements are characterized ...
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As a scientist faced with two rival hypo...
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Personality is difficult to define becau...
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An appreciation of a wide range of perso...
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