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As with our solar system,planets would l...View Answer
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A) The Sun's gravity pulled denser materials toward the inner part of the solar nebula,while lighter gases escaped more easily.
B) Denser materials were heavier and sank to the center of the nebula.
C) In the inner part of the nebula only metals and rocks were able to condense because of the high temperatures,whereas hydrogen compounds,although more abundant,were only able to condense in the cooler outer regions.
D) When the solar nebula formed a disk,materials naturally segregated into bands,and in our particular solar system the denser materials settled nearer the Sun while lighter materials are found in the outer part.
E) In the beginning,when the protoplanetary disk was spinning faster,centrifugal forces flung the lighter materials toward the outer parts of the solar nebula.
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No,the nebular theory of the Solar System explain broad patterns of motion and composition of the planets,but did not predict their exact number.
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A) They were produced by stars that lived and died before our solar system was born.
B) They were produced by gravity in the solar nebula as it collapsed.
C) They have been present in the universe since its birth.
D) They were made by chemical reactions in interstellar gas.
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Several possibilities: (a)Mercury and Pl...View Answer
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The scientific method involves making ob...View Answer
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A) They reveal that meteorites are much older than the comets and planets.
B) Nothing,because they come from other star systems.
C) They reveal that the solar system once contained 10 planets.
D) They reveal that the age of the solar system is approximately 4.6 billion years.
E) They reveal that the early solar system consisted mostly of hydrogen and helium gas.
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A) It is even stronger today than it was when the Sun was young.
B) It helped in the transfer of angular momentum from the young Sun to particles that blew into interstellar space,which explains why the Sun rotates so slowly today.
C) It swept vast amounts of gas from the solar nebula into interstellar space.
D) It consists of charged particles blown off the surface of the Sun.
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A) Some moons have a composition that differs from the composition of the planets.
B) Astronomers have observed moons being captured.
C) Some moons are surprisingly large in size.
D) Some moons have orbits that are "backwards" (compared to their planet's rotation) or highly inclined to their planet's equator.
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Earth,and all terrestrial planets,formed...View Answer
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A) because the Sun's gravity was stronger in the outer solar system,allowing more solid material to collect
B) because only metal and rock could condense in the inner solar system,while ice also condensed in the outer solar system
C) because gas in the outer solar system contained a larger proportion of rock,metal,and hydrogen compounds than the gas in the inner solar system
D) because only the outer planets captured hydrogen and helium gas from the solar nebula
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B
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A) They are the shattered remains of collisions between planets.
B) They are the shattered remains of collisions between moons.
C) They are leftover planetesimals that never accreted into planets.
D) They are chunks of rock or ice that condensed long after the planets and moons had formed.
E) They are chunks of rock or ice that were expelled from planets by volcanoes.
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A) 10,000 years.
B) 3.8 million years.
C) 4.6 million years.
D) 4.6 billion years.
E) 14 billion years.
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D
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A) 1.25 billion years
B) 2.5 billion years
C) 3.75 billion years
D) 5.0 billion years
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A) the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for metals to condense,between the Sun and the present-day orbit of Mercury
B) the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for rocks to condense,between the present-day orbits of Mercury and Venus
C) the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for hydrogen compounds to condense into ices,between the present-day orbits of Mars and Jupiter
D) the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for asteroids to form,between the present-day orbits of Venus and Earth
E) the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for hydrogen and helium to condense,between the present-day orbits of Jupiter and Saturn
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A) The interstellar cloud from which the solar nebula formed was originally somewhat flat.
B) The force of gravity from the Sun pulled the material downward into a flat disk.
C) As the nebula cooled,the gas and dust settled onto a disk.
D) It flattened as a natural consequence of collisions between particles in the spinning nebula,changing random motions into more orderly ones.
E) The force of gravity from the planets pulled the material downward into a flat disk.
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A) The Pacific Ocean appears to be a large crater-probably the one made by the giant impact.
B) Computer simulations show that the Moon could really have formed in this way.
C) The Moon's average density suggests it is made of rock much more like that of the Earth's outer layers than that of Earth as a whole.
D) The Moon has a much smaller proportion of easily vaporized materials than Earth.
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A) Hydrogen and helium are the most common elements throughout the universe,because they were the only elements present when the universe was young.
B) Hydrogen and helium are produced in stars by nuclear fusion.
C) All the other elements escaped from the solar nebula before the Sun and planets formed.
D) All the other elements were swept out of the solar system by the solar wind.
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A) the law of conservation of angular momentum
B) Newton's third law
C) the two laws of thermal radiation
D) the law of conservation of energy
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