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An RA at a local university devised a plan to spot check the dorm for illegal drinking by knocking on every 5 th door on each floor. What technique was the RA using?


A) stratified sampling
B) simple random sampling
C) quota sampling
D) systematic sampling

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Quota samples, judgmental samples, snowball samples and reliance on available subjects are all examples of:


A) nonprobability sampling
B) probability sampling
C) sampling distributions
D) sampling frames

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Your criminal justice class requires a study of the success of your state's drug courts. The professor suggests that you first select 10 counties from your state. From those ten counties you will select the two largest cities from each. Finally the drug courts in each of the cities will be monitored to measure success. What type of sampling design did your professor suggest?


A) stratified sampling
B) multistage cluster sampling
C) multistage cluster sampling with stratification
D) judgmental sampling

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Which of the following is accurate concerning the use of systematic sampling?


A) systematic sampling is a poor excuse for simple random sampling
B) systematic sampling is often used as a substitute for stratified sampling
C) systematic sampling is frequently used rather than a simple random sample
D) systematic sampling is always considered a nonprobability sampling technique

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To ensure that variables that occur rarely in a population will be represented in a sample, the researcher would want to employ a ___________________ sampling technique.

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National Crime Victimization Survey and the British Crime Survey both use which of the following techniques to gather data?


A) simple random samples
B) stratified sampling
C) multistage cluster sampling
D) quota sampling

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When a researcher uses a stratified sampling technique, they:


A) select elements from heterogeneous subsets of the population
B) recognize the extent that subsets are homogeneous on stratified variables will generally result in homogeneity on other variables as well
C) realize that a stratified sample is likely to be less representative on a number of variables than a simple random sample
D) recognize the extent that subsets are heterogeneous on stratified variables will generally result in heterogeneity on other variables as well

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The sampling ___________________ is the range of sample statistics we would obtain if we selected many samples.

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Following the model of London, England, Center City, USA, decided to install closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras in a downtown park in hopes of reducing the public's fear of crime. Which technique would be the best choice to determine if fear has in fact decreased?


A) send out a questionnaire to all citizens living in Center City, USA
B) select, via simple random sampling, 20 citizens to interview
C) interview, via reliance on available subjects, citizens that are in the park
D) because you want to measure a "feeling," there is no accurate way to do this

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When researching a population where it is impossible or impractical to compile a list of the elements, what is the proper sampling technique to use?


A) stratified sample
B) systematic sample
C) cluster sample
D) simple random sample

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A list or quasi-list of elements in a population that is used to select a sample is called a:


A) sampling frame
B) sample statistic
C) sample observation
D) sample parameter

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In order to study active criminals who have not been arrested for their criminal acts, the researcher would be wise to employ which type of sampling technique?


A) purposive sampling
B) snowball sampling
C) convenience sampling
D) stratified random sampling

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When a research chooses a sample that is not typical of a large population this is known as:


A) a cluster
B) probability
C) nonprobability
D) bias

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The summary description of a given variable in the sample is called:


A) a sample observation
B) a population parameter
C) a sample statistic
D) a population interval

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When the researcher must rely upon available subjects such as stopping people on the street to ask opinions about a recent crime, the technique is called ___________________.

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reliance o...

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Which of the following is not appropriate for use as a sampling frame?


A) telephone directories when you wish to sample attitudes toward a new law
B) lists of licensed drivers when you wish to ask juveniles their opinions about drinking prohibitions
C) taxpayer rolls when the researcher is interested in public concerns about school appropriations in their community
D) AMA membership lists to survey doctors about their attitudes concerning HMO's

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A variable which has two attributes such as gender, is what type of variable?


A) sampling variable
B) binomial variable
C) sampling frame
D) representative variable

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_______ forms the basis of probability theory and the statistical tools we use to estimate population parameters, standard error, and confidence intervals.


A) Stratified sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Simple random sampling
D) Multistage cluster sampling

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Summary data describing a population is called a parameter while summary data describing a sample is called a ___________________.

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A list of all elements in a population is referred to as the sampling frame.

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