Question 1

All of the ideals of the philosophes flowed together in the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   happiness.
B)   reform.
C)   reason.
D)   progress.
E)   liberty.

Question 2

Perhaps the most important factor in Europe's gaining of new knowledge about the world in the 16th century was

Accepted Answer

A)   Europeans' insatiable curiosity.
B)   an improved understanding of astronomy.
C)   an enormous leap in mathematical capabilities.
D)   the reports of explorers in the New World.
E)   new geographic information.

Question 3

A common denominator among the Enlightenment thinkers was

Accepted Answer

A)   the belief in democracy.
B)   an affinity for atheism.
C)   a commitment to reform.
D)   support for empirical research.
E)   their hesitancy in disagreeing with each other.

Question 4

Newton made his greatest contribution to the world by

Accepted Answer

A)   insisting that the physical world had rational, lawful principles.
B)   discovering and enunciating the law of gravity.
C)   encouraging young scientists to continue to think and experiment.
D)   convincing many people to give up their superstitious beliefs.
E)   describing the way in which governments of the world could function rationally.

Question 5

____________________ ____________________ became associated with inductive reasoning and the empirical method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ ____________________ became associated with inductive reasoning...

Question 6

During the growth of the study of mathematics-based science, philosophy was considered

Accepted Answer

A)   redundant.
B)   secondary.
C)   extremely important.
D)   nonsensical.
E)   rational.

Question 7

Inductive reasoning, first developed by Frances Bacon, required that one

Accepted Answer

A)   gather data and then make generalizations.
B)   consistently and carefully observe phenomena before developing any generalizations or preconceived ideas.
C)   observe with one's senses and then develop one or more hypotheses.
D)   make some basic assumptions and then perform experiments to see if they are valid.
E)   observe, experiment, test, and then present newly verified information to the world.

Question 8

By the end of the 17th century, educated Europeans were generally

Accepted Answer

A)   ready to abandon the search for a more intelligible natural science.
B)   considering applying the scientific method to the study of humans.
C)   impelled toward atheism by the conflicts between religion and science.
D)   abandoning Bacon's empiricism for Descartes' inductive reasoning.
E)   returning to religion as the center of their universe.

Question 9

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution was the first concrete example of ____________________ between religion and government.

Accepted Answer

separation

Question 10

Which is the truest statement of philosophe beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sin is the leading cause of human misery.
B)   Government should have a strong executive power.
C)   All humans are equal in social and political rights.
D)   Ignorance is the major cause of inhumanity.
E)   Most people are capable of ruling if taught the way.

Question 11

One could extrapolate from the text that the study of alchemy was often practiced in

Accepted Answer

A)   monasteries.
B)   observatories.
C)   convents.
D)   private homes.
E)   medieval universities.

Question 12

Denis Diderot and Jean d'Alembert accomplished the editing of the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Denis Diderot and Jean d'Alembert accomplished the...

Question 13

Whose work contributed most to removing Aristotle from his revered position as the master physicist?

Accepted Answer

A)   Copernicus
B)   Galileo
C)   Newton
D)   Descartes
E)   Brahe B

Question 14

____________________ ____________________ was the leading political spokesperson cited during England's Glorious Revoluton.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ ____________________ was the leading political spokesperson...

Question 15

In her famous treatise, Vindication on the Rights of Woman , Mary Wollstonecraft

Accepted Answer

A)   urged society to allow women to fulfill their sexual needs, thus becoming one of the early advocates of "free love."
B)   pushed for equal rights for women, becoming, in actuality, the founder of feminism.
C)   spoke out so harshly against the writings of the male philosophes that her work was banned in France.
D)   argued that women were as intelligent as men, and was devastated when it appeared that not even women cared to hear what she had to say.
E)   described women as "slaves," thus alienating the very audience she was trying to reach.

Question 16

Newton's major contributions occurred in the field of

Accepted Answer

A)   astronomy.
B)   education.
C)   Bible studies.
D)   physics.
E)   geometry.

Question 17

____________________ is the downgrading of all that is religious or miraculous.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is the downgrading of all that...

Question 18

John Locke believed

Accepted Answer

A)   that humans can learn from their environment and improve their lives.
B)   in the concept of original sin.
C)   that checks and balances were important in government.
D)   that his destiny was to steer England through the rough waters of the Glorious Revolution.
E)   that governmental reform was more important than scientific discovery.

Question 19

It would be most accurate to describe Adam Smith's economic writing as promoting

Accepted Answer

A)   mercantilism.
B)   absolutely no government interference with business.
C)   more education for the consumer.
D)   as little government intervention in business as possible.
E)   an increase in the variety of goods and services available to the public.

Question 20

Although the beliefs of the philosophes diverged in many ways, they all were known to profess that government must

Accepted Answer

A)   be truly representative.
B)   have constitutions with or without monarchs.
C)   grant social equality to all its people.
D)   place checks and balances on their various branches of government.
E)   protect the private property of citizens. D

Exam 29: The Scientific Revolution and Its Enlightened Aftermath

All of the ideals of the philosophes flowed together in the concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Perhaps the most important factor in Europe's gaining of new knowledge about the world in the 16th century was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A common denominator among the Enlightenment thinkers was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Newton made his greatest contribution to the world by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____________________ ____________________ became associated with inductive reasoning and the empirical method.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the growth of the study of mathematics-based science, philosophy was considered

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inductive reasoning, first developed by Frances Bacon, required that one

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By the end of the 17th century, educated Europeans were generally

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution was the first concrete example of ____________________ between religion and government.

Correct Answerverifiedseparation

Which is the truest statement of philosophe beliefs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One could extrapolate from the text that the study of alchemy was often practiced in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Denis Diderot and Jean d'Alembert accomplished the editing of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whose work contributed most to removing Aristotle from his revered position as the master physicist?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

____________________ ____________________ was the leading political spokesperson cited during England's Glorious Revoluton.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In her famous treatise, Vindication on the Rights of Woman , Mary Wollstonecraft

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Newton's major contributions occurred in the field of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____________________ is the downgrading of all that is religious or miraculous.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John Locke believed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It would be most accurate to describe Adam Smith's economic writing as promoting

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although the beliefs of the philosophes diverged in many ways, they all were known to profess that government must

Correct AnswerverifiedD

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Perhaps the most important factor in Europe's gaining of new knowledge about the world in the 16^th century was

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became associated with inductive reasoning and the empirical method.

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By the end of the 17^th century, educated Europeans were generally

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separation

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B

was the leading political spokesperson cited during England's Glorious Revoluton.

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D