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Exam 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity

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Question 1

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What criteria differentiates a pseudocoelomate versus a coelomate animal?

A) A pseudocoelomate animal is diploblastic and the body cavity is partially lined by endoderm.
B) A pseudocoelomate animal is diploblastic and the body cavity is completely lined by mesoderm.
C) A coelomate animal is triploblastic and the body cavity is completely lined by mesoderm.
D) A coelomate animal is triploblastic and the body cavity is completely lined by endoderm.
E) A coelomate animal is diploblastic and the body cavity is completely lined by mesoderm.

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Question 2

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What is the correct sequence (from most ancient to most recent) of milestones in the evolution of animals?

A) choanoflagellates, Ediacaran biota, Cambrian explosion, successful invasion of land, origin of flight
B) choanoflagellates, Cambrian explosion, Ediacaran biota, successful invasion of land, origin of flight
C) Ediacaran biota, choanoflagellates, Cambrian explosion, successful invasion of land, origin of flight
D) Cambrian explosion, choanoflagellates, Ediacaran biota, successful invasion of land, origin of flight
E) choanoflagellates, Cambrian explosion, successful invasion of land, Ediacaran biota, origin of flight

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Question 3

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The evolution of animal species has been prolific (the estimates go into the millions and tens of millions) .Much of this diversity is a result of the evolution of novel ways to ________.

Which of these,if discovered among cycliophorans,would cause the most confusion concerning our current understanding of cycliophoran taxonomy?

Which of these,if true,would support the claim that the ancestral cnidarians had bilateral symmetry? 1) Cnidarian larvae possess anterior-posterior,left-right,and dorsal-ventral aspects. 2) Cnidarians have fewer Hox genes than bilaterians. 3) All extant cnidarians,including Nematostella,are diploblastic. 4) β-catenin turns out to be essential for gastrulation in all animals in which it occurs. 5) All cnidarians are acoelomate.

Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic.What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition by

The following questions refer to the description below. You have taken an introductory course in animal biology and know that animals have evolved with different types of symmetry.Animals that show radial symmetry have a top and bottom,but do not have a left or right side,nor a front or back end.Animals that show bilateral symmetry have a top and bottom,left and right sides,and distinct anterior and posterior ends. -Why do you think that evolution of cephalization is correlated with the evolution of bilateral symmetry?

Which statement is most consistent with the hypothesis that the Cambrian explosion was caused by the rise of predator-prey relationships?

The last common ancestor of all bilaterians is thought to have had four Hox genes.Most extant cnidarians have two Hox genes,except Nematostella (of β-catenin fame) ,which has three Hox genes.On the basis of these observations,some have proposed that the ancestral cnidarians were originally bilateral and,in stages,lost Hox genes from their genomes.If true,this would mean that

In its native environment,a Tp cell neither gains nor loses water.What should one expect to occur when Tp is placed into fresh water?

Which of the following genetic processes may be most helpful in accounting for the Cambrian explosion?

Some researchers claim that sponge genomes have homeotic genes,but no Hox genes.If true,this finding would

The blastopore is a structure that first becomes evident during

Which of the following statements is correct?

The Hox genes came to regulate each of the following in what sequence,from earliest to most recent? 1) identity and position of paired appendages in protostome embryos 2) anterior-posterior orientation of segments in protostome embryos 3) positioning of tentacles in cnidarians 4) anterior-posterior orientation in vertebrate embryos

In examining an unknown animal species during its embryonic development,how can you be sure what you are looking at is a protostome and not a deuterostome?

Acoelomates are characterized by

You find a new species of worm and want to classify it.Which of the following lines of evidence would allow you to classify the worm as a nematode and not an annelid?

A researcher is trying to construct a molecular-based phylogeny of the entire animal kingdom.Assuming that none of the following genes is absolutely conserved,which of the following would be the best choice on which to base the phylogeny?

Suppose a researcher for a pest-control company developed a chemical that inhibited the development of an embryonic mosquito's endodermal cells.Which of the following would be a likely mechanism by which this pesticide works?