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Exam 1: Sociology and Stratification

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Question 31

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Ability and hard work are increasingly important, but __________ also remains an important factor in determining social stratification.

A) achievement
B) ascription
C) luck
D) the ability to lie well
E) mother nature

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Question 32

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Attempting to uncover the functions of poverty, unemployment, and other social facts is not really useful to the study of stratification.

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Question 33

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Although opportunity is great and everyone is supposed to strive for success, built in restrictions limit the legally approved means for achieving this goal.

Weber asserted that people maintain their status by discriminating against others.

Life chances can be defined as people's consumption habits, use of leisure time, and fundamental values.

According to Weber, a class comprises all those sharing similar life chances based on their economic interests.

According to Lenski, fate will determine the distribution of nearly all of the surplus possessed by a society.

Weber stressed that people behave in terms of both their economic interests and:

Lenski suggested that the greater the level of ________ and the more democratic the state, the less inequality.

The three systems of ranking in modern societies are by race, gender, and education.

Marx, in his greatest work, Capital, documented the capitalists' attempts at ____________________ in order to secure greater profit for themselves.

Lenski hypothesized that the greater the surplus of goods and services in a society, the more _____________ determines their distribution.

In order to explain the basis of stratification, Lenski focuses on the distribution of food within societies.

According to Marx, increases in productivity meant that only the very rich could obtain the necessities of life.

Sociology at its best looks at the data along two dimensions:

The so-called "trickle down effect" and similar arguments are veils, designed to hide the way in which the tax system channels income up rather than down.

Each level of analysis not only provides different data, the explanatory variables differ as well.

Marx believed that a communist society would allow the free development of each as the condition for the free development of all.

Minorities within the middle class, are often unequal to Whites in the middle class.

Karl Marx asserted that collective control of the economy by the people is: