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The idea that Supreme Court justices should interpret the Constitution in terms of the original intentions of the framers is


A) originalism.
B) active liberty.
C) textualism.
D) libertarianism.

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Which of the following federal courts can hear appeals made from the state supreme courts?


A) Federal district courts
B) Federal circuit courts of appeals
C) The U.S. Supreme Court
D) All of the above

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All of the following are potential constraints on judicial power EXCEPT:


A) constitutional amendments.
B) impeachment.
C) re-election concerns.
D) the Court's inability to initiate policy making.

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The "legal model" of judicial decision making is based on sociological theories of the different professional roles played by lawyers and judges.

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Courts in which groups of judges decide cases based on a review of the record of the lower-court trial are


A) civil courts.
B) courts of original jurisdiction.
C) collegial courts.
D) intramural courts.

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An opinion written by a Supreme Court justice who is in the minority that presents the logic and thinking of the justices who opposed the majority opinion is a


A) majority opinion.
B) concurring opinion.
C) plurality opinion.
D) dissenting opinion.

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A "plurality opinion" is written when there is majority agreement on the outcome of a case, but disagreement regarding the reasons for that outcome.

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The authority of a criminal or appeals court to hear and decide cases is called


A) standing.
B) judicial discretion.
C) jurisdiction.
D) a mandate.

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The qualifications set by the Constitution to serve as a Supreme Court justice include


A) being at least 35 years old.
B) being a member of the bar.
C) being a qualified trial lawyer.
D) there are no qualifications set by the Constitution.

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Courts of original jurisdiction


A) are trial courts that hear cases for the first time.
B) review decisions of the lower courts.
C) have jurisdiction in cases involving ambassadors.
D) review case that have been appealed.

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