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A student pushes a book across a classroom table. Which of the following statements best explains the difference between the amount of force needed to start the book moving and the amount of force needed to keep it moving?


A) Less force is needed to start the book moving, because there is less friction than when it is already moving.
B) Less force is needed to start the book moving, because there is less potential energy in the table than in the book.
C) More force is needed to start the book moving, because there is more potential energy in the table than in the book.
D) More force is needed to start the book moving, because there is more friction than when it is already moving.

Correct Answer

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The speed of sound in a particular gas is 900 m/s. A sound wave propagating in this material has a wavelength of 15 m. What is the frequency of this sound?


A) 30 Hz
B) 60 Hz
C) 6,800 Hz
D) 13,500 Hz

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by conduction?


A) sunlight heating a floor
B) an electric stove heating an iron pan
C) a wood stove heating nearby objects through electromagnetic waves
D) an electric heater heating air, which rises and is replaced with cooler air

Correct Answer

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Which of the following statements best describes an electromagnetic wave with a long wavelength?


A) It has a low frequency and can travel in a vacuum.
B) It has a high frequency and can travel in a vacuum.
C) It has a low frequency and can only travel in a medium.
D) It has a high frequency and can only travel in a medium.

Correct Answer

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Which of the following waves travels fastest?


A) water waves in oceans
B) seismic waves in rocks
C) sound waves from a violin string
D) electromagnetic waves from the Sun

Correct Answer

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A student touches a metal sink with her finger and notices that her finger feels cold. Which of the following statements explains this observation?


A) Heat energy flows from the student's finger to the metal sink.
B) Heat energy flows from the metal sink to the student's finger.
C) The student's finger was originally at the same temperature as the sink.
D) The student's finger was originally at a lower temperature than the sink.

Correct Answer

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An astronaut drops a 1.0 kg object and a 5.0 kg object on the Moon. Both objects fall a total distance of 2.0 m vertically. Which of the following best describes the objects after they have fallen a distance of 1.0 m?


A) They have each lost kinetic energy.
B) They have each gained the same amount of potential energy.
C) They have each lost the same amount of potential energy.
D) They have each gained one-half of their maximum kinetic energy.

Correct Answer

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Which of the following can carry light waves but not sound waves?


A) air
B) steel
C) water
D) vacuum

Correct Answer

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A student leaving school walks 2.5 km north and then walks 1.0 km south. What is the student's displacement?


A) 1) 0 km south
B) 1) 5 km north
C) 2) 5 km north
D) 3) 5 km south

Correct Answer

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Which of the following changes occurs as a solid is heated?


A) The kinetic energy of the solid decreases.
B) The average density of the solid increases.
C) The speci?c heat capacity of the solid decreases.
D) The average molecular speed in the solid increases.

Correct Answer

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Which of the following observations demonstrates that visible light waves are electromagnetic and not mechanical?


A) Sunlight can pass through gas.
B) Sunlight can pass through solids.
C) Sunlight can pass through liquids.
D) Sunlight can pass through a vacuum.

Correct Answer

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A pitcher throws a 0.15 kg baseball at 40 m/s towards the catcher. What is the momentum of the baseball while moving at 40 m/s?


A) 0) 025 kg • m/s
B) 3) 8 kg • m/s
C) 6) 0 kg • m/s
D) 270 kg • m/s

Correct Answer

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C

Which of the following statements best describes the visible spectrum of light as seen by the human eye?


A) The lowest frequency appears red, and the highest frequency appears violet.
B) The lowest frequency appears red, and the highest frequency appears yellow.
C) The lowest frequency appears green, and the highest frequency appears violet.
D) The lowest frequency appears green, and the highest frequency appears yellow.

Correct Answer

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A

Based on Ohm's law, which of the following statements explains what must happen when the voltage across a resistor is decreased?


A) The resistance of the resistor increases.
B) The resistance of the resistor decreases.
C) The current through the resistor increases.
D) The current through the resistor decreases.

Correct Answer

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The source of a sound is moving away from an observer who is standing still. How do the sound waves received by the observer compare with those emitted by the source?


A) They are heard as having a greater velocity.
B) They are heard as having a higher frequency.
C) They are heard as having a lower frequency.
D) They are heard as having a smaller wavelength.

Correct Answer

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In which of the following examples is heat transferred primarily by radiation?


A) A fan blows warm air around a room.
B) A hot water bottle warms a person's feet.
C) Water vapor from a shower warms the room.
D) A spoon held near the side of a flame gets warm.

Correct Answer

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A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?


A) Its momentum is 7 km/hr.
B) Its acceleration is 7 km/hr.
C) Its displacement is 7 km/hr.
D) Its average speed is 7 km/hr.

Correct Answer

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The momentum of an object in space is


A) dependent on its mass.
B) independent of its inertia.
C) independent of its velocity.
D) dependent on its potential energy.

Correct Answer

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A

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