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The sales of products and services to consumers through personal interactions and demonstrations in their homes or offices is referred to as


A) direct selling.
B) person-to-person sales.
C) face-to-face selling.
D) direct-response selling.
E) customized selling.

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Outlets where customers are responsible for most shopping activities,although salespeople are available in some departments,would be classified as ________ retail outlets.


A) limited-service
B) exclusive-service
C) minimal-service
D) self-service
E) full-service

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Not every suburban store is located in a shopping mall.Many neighborhoods have clusters of stores,referred to as a strip mall,to serve people who are within a 5- to 10-minute drive.Unlike the larger shopping centers,the composition of these stores usually


A) is unplanned.
B) includes national anchor stores.
C) is restricted to privately owned specialty stores.
D) is mainly fast-food restaurants.
E) includes amusement or theme parks,or movie theaters.

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Independent retailers account for most of the ________ retail establishments in the United States.


A) 50,000
B) 90,000
C) 900,000
D) 1) 8 million
E) 3) 7 million

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Outside the United States,large retailers include ________ in Japan,Carrefour in France,Metro Group in Germany,and Tesco in Britain.


A) Aeon
B) Toshei
C) Seebi
D) Goshen
E) Toshi

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Large shopping areas often contain two or three ________ stores,which are well-known national or regional stores such as Nordstrom,Saks Fifth Avenue,and Bloomingdale's.


A) power
B) mega
C) anchor
D) value
E) Outlet

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CarMax dealers have adopted a "no-haggle" sales policy that eliminates the need for negotiating.Instead,all customers are offered the same price.Test drives,financing,trade-ins,and leasing are all offered to encourage customers to purchase a car.Which utility does CarMax best provide?


A) product
B) form
C) convenience
D) service
E) possession

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Growth in the direct-selling industry is the result of two trends: direct-selling retailers are expanding into markets outside the United States,and


A) increased gas prices and traffic congestion are causing people to want the store to deliver the products to them.
B) the pendulum is beginning to swing back to more mothers (and fathers) staying home during the day with children,making direct selling more convenient.
C) the cost of purchasing or leasing real estate to build an actual "brick" retail store is becoming prohibitive.
D) graduating business students are finding it more difficult to find a traditional sales position and like the idea of being their own bosses.
E) some consumers prefer one-on-one customer service and a social shopping experience rather than online shopping or big discount stores.

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Vending machines are no longer limited by the need for cash.In Japan,South Korea,and the Philippines,consumers use mobile phones that transmit payments to vending machines wirelessly.This is an example of how vending machines can provide which type of utility?


A) time
B) place
C) possession
D) product
E) form

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Which type of outlet is most likely in its maturity stage of the retail life cycle?


A) single-price stores
B) value retail centers
C) online retailers
D) business-district retailers
E) convenience stores

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Williams-Sonoma is a specialty store that caters to customers who like to cook at home.It offers free cooking classes,has frequent demonstrations by cookbook authors,and has employees who are knowledgeable about food preparation.The sales staff helps customers make their selections.Williams-Sonoma is a(n) ________ retailer.


A)  exclusive-service
B)  full-service
C)  upscale-service
D)  self-service
E)  limited-service

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The ________ provided by retailers create value for consumers.


A) utilities
B) wholesaling functions
C) outsourcing functions
D) profits
E) synergies

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Explain the difference between a hypermarket and a supercenter.

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The hypermarket is a form of scrambled m...

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Which of the following firms has made the wisest wholesaler choice for its product?


A) Hannah's Hardware uses a rack jobber for its hammers.
B) Fiona's Floral uses a truck jobber for its cut roses.
C) Sam's Coal Country uses a truck jobber for its subway cars.
D) Shayna's Superior Supplies uses a desk jobber for its staplers.
E) Josh's Jackhammers uses a rack jobber for its hard hats.

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Shrinkage in retailing refers to


A) the declining number of small privately owned retail stores due to economic hard times.
B) breakage,theft,and fraud by customers and employees.
C) the percentage of inventory that is damaged or unsalable because of product failure.
D) the loss of profits in clothing items that are returned because of inferior materials.
E) polycarbonate packaging that encases products with a tamper-resistant plastic seal.

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When Home Depot switched its in-store light fixture displays to compact fluorescent light and LED bulbs,painted the roofs of its stores white,and installed solar panels,it reduced its energy use by ________ percent.


A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
E) 25

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By selling franchises,an organization ________ the cost of expansion and ________ its control compared to owning its own retail outlets.


A) increases;increases
B) increases;reduces
C) reduces;increases
D) increases;retains almost all
E) reduces;reduces

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Most of the 3.7 million retail establishments in the United States,including hardware stores,convenience stores,clothing stores,and electronics stores,are considered


A) corporate chains.
B) contractual systems.
C) independent retailers.
D) conglomerates.
E) multinationals.

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Offering several unrelated product lines in a single store is referred to as


A) intertype competition.
B) multiple distribution.
C) scrambled merchandising.
D) a department store.
E) a specialty outlet.

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Scrambled merchandising refers to


A) displaying merchandise throughout a store rather than keeping all similar items together in rows on a shelf or point-of-purchase displays.
B) offering several unrelated product lines in a single store.
C) changing the position in which items are displayed in a store to create customer interest in a variety of product lines.
D) offering several related product lines in multiple stores.
E) offering several related product lines in a single store.

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