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Exam 2: A: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

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Question 61

Multiple Choice

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What do we call statistics that are used to interpret data and draw conclusions?

A) significant
B) descriptive
C) numerical
D) inferential

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Question 62

Multiple Choice

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Although there are several types of journal articles, which type is most common within psychology?

A) manuscripts that propose new theories that are intended to stimulate research
B) reports that describe original, empirical studies
C) articles that describe and evaluate new treatment methods for psychological disorders
D) papers that summarize and reconcile the findings from a large number of studies on a specific issue

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Question 63

Multiple Choice

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Carla earned 78 points on her statistics exam. Ten of the students in her class earned higher scores than she did, and ten students earned lower scores than she did. Based on this information, what can you conclude about Carla's score?

What is the independent variable in this study?

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency from this study?

Dr. Malm predicts that if teachers ignore students who act up in class, fewer students will act up in class. What is the scientific term for Dr. Malm's prediction?

Dr. Friesen wants to investigate whether store clerks behave in a discriminatory manner toward teenagers. He is trying to decide between using naturalistic observation and using a questionnaire. What would be the best choice?

Which measure of central tendency is your grade point average an example of?

Other than the obvious convenience, why might a researcher choose to collect survey data on the Internet?

Which of the following is a descriptive research method?

A group of researchers conducts a study to determine if a child's performance is affected by the presence of other children. First, the children are taken to a room with no other children and timed while they complete a puzzle. Later, the same children are taken to a room with four other children and timed while they complete a similar puzzle. In this study, what do you call the length of time it takes to complete the puzzle?

A group of researchers wanted to determine whether children would behave more aggressively after watching violent television programming. Half the children in the study watched a violent television show; the other children watched a non-violent television program. Which group is the control group?

Dr. Prutherow believes that people who are under stress will develop more colds than people who are not under stress. When he randomly selected 10 participants and exposed them to high levels of stress, he found that 9 of the participants developed colds. Based on these results, he concluded that stress causes an increase in colds. What is a fundamental flaw in Dr. Prutherow's study?

A local hospital wanted to assess the way its patients were being treated. The hospital hired several researchers to act as patients and record the way hospital personnel handled the admitting and preliminary evaluation procedures. What sort of research is being conducted in this example?

In an experiment designed to test memory processes, one group was given special instructions and asked to group the items on a list into categories while trying to memorize them. A second group of participants was given the same list, but did not receive any special instructions. In this study, which group is the experimental group?

Which of the following is an example of experimenter bias?

What is a theory?

Of the following, which correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship between the two variables being measured?

A researcher has children watch 30 minutes of violent television, and then counts the number of times they hit each other afterward in a one-hour play period as a measure of aggression. The researcher concludes that television violence causes aggression. Why might this conclusion be invalid?

In an experiment, what do you call the variable that is controlled or manipulated by the researcher?