Question 1

Which of the following statements about hormones is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior pituitary hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus.
B)  All hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary glands are peptides.
C)  IGF-1 stimulates growth by increasing growth hormone secretion through positive feedback.
D)  All of the hypophysiotropic hormones are peptides.
E)  Only steroid hormones can regulate the secretion of steroid hormones.

Question 2

Which is most likely a characteristic of cells that secrete steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  They store large amounts of hormone.
B)  They are characterized by abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and few secretory granules.
C)  They contain large numbers of secretory granules.
D)  They are found in the anterior pituitary gland.
E)  They are found in the medulla of the adrenal gland.

Question 3

A general name for a hormone that regulates mineral ion homeostasis is "tropic hormone."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

During a long illness,Terrell has not been eating much.As a result,his plasma Ca²⁺ levels decrease.Which hormone would we expect to see in higher levels than usual in his blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thyroxine
B)  Parathyroid hormone
C)  Calcitonin
D)  Growth hormone
E)  Insulin

Question 5

Some women (including Angelina Jolie)with mutations in tumor suppressor genes,opt for oophorectomy (removal of their ovaries)to decrease their risk of some types of cancer.Unless they take supplements,they probably will have lower circulating levels of both androgens and estrogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The liver is a target gland of growth hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A precursor of cortisol is cholesterol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Depressed levels of thyroid hormones in blood resulting from a defect in the cells that secrete TSH is an example of primary hyposecretion of thyroid hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

You have a 12-year-old patient who is hoping to be a professional basketball player.As part of her dream,she is hoping to grow as much as possible before her growth plates fuse.As her doctor,you recommend which of the following to help her grow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Always getting a good night's sleep
B)  Frequent exercise
C)  Drinking lots of water
D)  Eating twice as much protein as is recommended for a person her size
E)  None of these will help her grow

Question 10

The receptors for estradiol,T₃,and vasopressin are all located in the nuclei of target cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

An endocrine cell that contains an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum,a large Golgi apparatus,and many secretory granules is likely to secrete a peptide hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What is a main difference between the modes of action of peptide hormones and steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peptide hormones bind to intracellular receptors,whereas steroid hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface.
B)  Peptide hormones act as second messengers,whereas steroid hormones bind to receptors in the cytosol.
C)  Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface,whereas steroid hormones act as second messengers.
D)  Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface,whereas steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors.
E)  There are no differences;both act by binding to intracellular receptors.

Question 13

You have discovered a novel steroid hormone.You'd like to isolate its receptor as part of your next project.Where should you look first?

Accepted Answer

A)  On the cell surface
B)  In the blood stream
C)  In the cytoplasm
D)  Any of these might be places where the receptor could be found.

Question 14

Stimuli for the secretion of hormones include changes in plasma concentrations of ions,nutrients,and other hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In order for growth to occur,the overall rate of anabolism must be greater than the overall rate of catabolism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Deficiency of iodine in the diet results in ________ caused by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a goiter;increased production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and increased thyroid hormone levels
B)  atrophy of the thyroid gland;loss of negative feedback by thyroid hormones and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels
C)  a goiter;loss of negative feedback by thyroid hormones and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels
D)  atrophy of the thyroid gland;decreased sensitivity of receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
E)  atrophy of the anterior pituitary gland;loss of negative feedback by thyroid hormones

Question 17

Which does NOT apply to hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the bloodstream.
B)  In some cases,the same chemical substances can also function as local regulators and/or neurotransmitters.
C)  All hormones are derived from cholesterol.
D)  They are secreted into the blood by ductless glands.
E)  They are sometimes secreted by neural tissue.

Question 18

You have discovered a novel hormone.Early experiments have shown that it is quite hydrophobic.Which of the following is likely to also be TRUE of these hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  They mostly bind to receptor proteins in the surface membrane of target cells.
B)  They are generally polar molecules.
C)  They usually have very rapid effects on target cells.
D)  Their mechanism of action generally involves altering protein synthesis.
E)  They are highly soluble in blood plasma.

Question 19

Unlike neurons,endocrine cells generally do not act as integrators of various kinds of positive or negative inputs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases the bone-degrading activity of osteoclasts
B)  Decreases reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys
C)  Promotes vitamin D synthesis,leading to increased intestinal absorption of calcium
D)  Increases plasma [Ca²⁺] 
E)  Decreases reabsorption of phosphate by the kidneys

Exam 11: The Endocrine System

You have a 12-year-old patient who is hoping to be a professional basketball player.As part of her dream,she is hoping to grow as much as possible before her growth plates fuse.As her doctor,you recommend which of the following to help her grow?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A general name for a hormone that regulates mineral ion homeostasis is "tropic hormone."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a main difference between the modes of action of peptide hormones and steroid hormones?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unlike neurons,endocrine cells generally do not act as integrators of various kinds of positive or negative inputs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An endocrine cell that contains an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum,a large Golgi apparatus,and many secretory granules is likely to secrete a peptide hormone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have discovered a novel steroid hormone.You'd like to isolate its receptor as part of your next project.Where should you look first?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which does NOT apply to hormones?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The receptors for estradiol,T₃,and vasopressin are all located in the nuclei of target cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deficiency of iodine in the diet results in ________ caused by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During a long illness,Terrell has not been eating much.As a result,his plasma Ca²⁺ levels decrease.Which hormone would we expect to see in higher levels than usual in his blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is most likely a characteristic of cells that secrete steroid hormones?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some women (including Angelina Jolie)with mutations in tumor suppressor genes,opt for oophorectomy (removal of their ovaries)to decrease their risk of some types of cancer.Unless they take supplements,they probably will have lower circulating levels of both androgens and estrogen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order for growth to occur,the overall rate of anabolism must be greater than the overall rate of catabolism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have discovered a novel hormone.Early experiments have shown that it is quite hydrophobic.Which of the following is likely to also be TRUE of these hormones?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The liver is a target gland of growth hormone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Depressed levels of thyroid hormones in blood resulting from a defect in the cells that secrete TSH is an example of primary hyposecretion of thyroid hormones.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stimuli for the secretion of hormones include changes in plasma concentrations of ions,nutrients,and other hormones.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A precursor of cortisol is cholesterol.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about hormones is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Deficiency of iodine in the diet results in caused by .

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