Question 1

Which protein, absent in muscle cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mediates the anchoring of skeletal muscle fibers to the basement membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Syntrophin
B)  Laminin
C)  Dystrophin
D)  Troponin

Question 2

Generally, what is the first symptom of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inability to open the eyes completely
B)  Difficulty standing
C)  Drooping shoulders
D)  Facial pain

Question 3

A child has scoliosis with a 40-degree curvature of the spine, and the parent is worried about pulmonary involvement. What statement by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Scoliosis is a bone disorder and does not affect the lungs."
B)  "Yes, we should obtain pulmonary function studies soon."
C)  "Scoliosis severe enough to involve the lungs would be fatal."
D)  "The lungs aren't affected until the curvature is over 80 degrees."

Question 4

An adolescent has been diagnosed with osteochondrosis. How does the healthcare professional describe the pathophysiology to the teen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Imbalance between calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
B)  Nutritional deficiency of calcium and phosphorus
C)  Bacterial infection of the bone
D)  Vascular impairment and trauma to bone

Question 5

A healthcare professional wants to estimate the total mass of muscle in a patient's body. What serum laboratory test should the professional evaluate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Albumin
B)  Blood urea nitrogen
C)  Creatinine
D)  Creatine

Question 6

A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What complication does the healthcare professional teach the parents is most important to control?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory infection
B)  Joint contractures
C)  Urinary tract infection
D)  Fractures from falling A

Question 7

The student wants to know how the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)  differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)  in adults. What answer by the healthcare professional is best?

Accepted Answer

A)  JIA begins insidiously with systemic signs of inflammation.
B)  JIA predominantly affects large joints.
C)  JIA has more severe joint pain than adult RA.
D)  JIA has a rapid onset of generalized aches as the first symptom.

Question 8

What does the student learn about bone growth before adulthood? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Growth in the length of bone occurs at the physeal plate.
B)  Growth occurs through endochondral ossification.
C)  Bone growth takes place under hormonal control.
D)  Cartilage cells at the epiphyseal side of the physeal plate multiply and enlarge.
E)  Cartilage cells at the metaphyseal side of the plate are replaced by bone.

Question 9

Which sign or symptom is a very late indication of developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asymmetry of the gluteal or thigh folds
B)  Leg-length discrepancy
C)  Waddling gait
D)  Pain

Question 10

A child has a disorder that resulted in the failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity. What treatment plan does the healthcare professional discuss with the parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extremely careful handling
B)  Increasing vitamin D intake
C)  Revascularization
D)  Containment and motion therapy B

Question 11

A newborn is diagnosed with osteomyelitis. What organism does the healthcare professional prepare to treat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus aureus
B)  Escherichia coli
C)  Group B streptococcus
D)  Bacillus anthracis

Question 12

Which bones are affected in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heads of the femur
B)  Distal femurs
C)  Heads of the humerus
D)  Distal tibias

Question 13

At birth, the diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP)  may be made based on what factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brain trauma
B)  Prematurity
C)  Major brain malformation
D)  Genetic defect

Question 14

Until the skeleton matures and adult stature is reached, where does growth in the length of bone occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epiphyseal line
B)  Physeal plate
C)  Epiphyseal cartilage
D)  Metaphyseal plate

Question 15

What is the most common malignant bone tumor diagnosed during childhood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chondrosarcoma
B)  Fibrosarcoma
C)  Ewing Sarcoma
D)  Osteosarcoma

Question 16

A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the parents want to know how this occurred. Which statement by the healthcare professional is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  X-linked recessive inheritance
B)  Common SMN1 gene abnormality
C)  Autosomal dominant inheritance
D)  Inheritance is not well defined

Question 17

A child has osteosarcoma and the healthcare team is assessing for metastases. What diagnostic study would be the priority?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pancreatic enzyme analysis
B)  Liver biopsy
C)  Chest x-ray or CT scan
D)  Brain MRI

Question 18

A student asks what the cause of structural scoliosis is. What explanation by the professor is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poor posture
B)  Vertebral rotation
C)  Poor calcium absorption
D)  Intrauterine trauma

Question 19

An insufficient dietary intake of which vitamin can lead to rickets in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  C
B)  B12
C)  B6
D)  D D

Question 20

A healthcare professional working with children learns that which is the most common congenital skeletal defect of the upper extremity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vestigial tabs
B)  Paget disease
C)  Rickets
D)  Syndactyly

Exam 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Which protein, absent in muscle cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mediates the anchoring of skeletal muscle fibers to the basement membrane?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Generally, what is the first symptom of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child has scoliosis with a 40-degree curvature of the spine, and the parent is worried about pulmonary involvement. What statement by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An adolescent has been diagnosed with osteochondrosis. How does the healthcare professional describe the pathophysiology to the teen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A healthcare professional wants to estimate the total mass of muscle in a patient's body. What serum laboratory test should the professional evaluate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What complication does the healthcare professional teach the parents is most important to control?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The student wants to know how the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. What answer by the healthcare professional is best?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does the student learn about bone growth before adulthood? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which sign or symptom is a very late indication of developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child has a disorder that resulted in the failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity. What treatment plan does the healthcare professional discuss with the parents?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

A newborn is diagnosed with osteomyelitis. What organism does the healthcare professional prepare to treat?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which bones are affected in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At birth, the diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) may be made based on what factor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Until the skeleton matures and adult stature is reached, where does growth in the length of bone occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the most common malignant bone tumor diagnosed during childhood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the parents want to know how this occurred. Which statement by the healthcare professional is most accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child has osteosarcoma and the healthcare team is assessing for metastases. What diagnostic study would be the priority?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A student asks what the cause of structural scoliosis is. What explanation by the professor is accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An insufficient dietary intake of which vitamin can lead to rickets in children?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

A healthcare professional working with children learns that which is the most common congenital skeletal defect of the upper extremity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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B

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D

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