Question 1

The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays.Therefore, the two problems have very different

Accepted Answer

A)   surface features.
B)   operators.
C)   structural features.
D)   mental sets.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

The Tower of Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) ____ problem that has been analyzed using the ____ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)   ill-defined; Gestalt
B)   ill-defined; information processing
C)   well-defined; Gestalt
D)   well-defined; information processingE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Describe in detail the differences between the way experts and nonexperts go about solving problems.In your answer, highlight the advantages and disadvantages to being an expert in a field.

Accepted Answer

People who have developed expertise in p...

Question 4

In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields.This particular discussion suggests that _____ may be more important than _____ in creative thinking.

Accepted Answer

A)   experience; structure
B)   structure; experience
C)   flexibility; experience
D)   experience; flexibilityE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate that

Accepted Answer

A)   people arrive at the solution to an insight problem suddenly, but proceed more methodically towards the solution of a non-insight problem.
B)   a person's mental set can hinder finding a solution to a problem.
C)   people often have to backtrack within the problem space to arrive at an answer to a problem.
D)   the way the problem is represented can influence the ease of problem solving.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?

Accepted Answer

A)   Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices.
B)   Experts often group problems differently than novices, based on principles.
C)   Experts often get off to a slower start than novices.
D)   Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 7

Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if

Accepted Answer

A)   fewer tacks are provided.
B)   pliers are also presented.
C)   the box is empty.
D)   the candle is already lit.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?

Accepted Answer

A)   Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumor
B)   Developing schemas for each individual problem
C)   Connecting the fortress with the tumor
D)   Generalizing from groups of soldiers to using many rays to solve the problemE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps:

Accepted Answer

A)   restructuring, searching, and simulating.
B)   noticing, mapping, and applying.
C)   surfacing, structuring, and generalizing.
D)   well-defining, insighting, and means-end analysis.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

People are most successful at noticing an analogous relationship between problems if they focus on

Accepted Answer

A)   surface features.
B)   structural features.
C)   operators.
D)   mental sets.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts.Once they created an object, they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device within that category. Finke used the term preinventive forms to describe the

Accepted Answer

A)   object parts.
B)   novel objects before a function was described.
C)   practical objects within the category.
D)   inventions rated high in both practicality and originality.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between

Accepted Answer

A)   experts and novices.
B)   laboratory and real-world settings.
C)   experimental groups and control groups.
D)   well- and ill-defined problems.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

To reduce the likelihood of design fixation when completing a creative design task, you should

Accepted Answer

A)   not present a sample design.
B)   present one sample design for a brief period.
C)   present one sample design throughout the task.
D)   present multiple sample designs.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Describe the Gestalt approach to problem solving and provide an example.

Accepted Answer

The Gestalt approach to problem solving ...

Question 15

Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify _____ for the problems.

Accepted Answer

A)   analogies
B)   initial states
C)   a single correct answer
D)   schemasE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Divergent thinking is most closely associated with ____ problems.

Accepted Answer

A)   ill-defined
B)   well-defined
C)   source
D)   targetE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) ____ state.

Accepted Answer

A)   functional fixedness
B)   goal
C)   intermediate
D)   initialE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as

Accepted Answer

A)   intermediate states.
B)   subgoals.
C)   operators.
D)   mental sets.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Experts categorize problems based on

Accepted Answer

A)   how similar the objects in the problem are.
B)   general principles that problems share.
C)   surface and deep structures.
D)   event-specific knowledge.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

A _____ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem.

Accepted Answer

A)   stationary
B)   swinging
C)   knotted
D)   unknottedE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 12: Problem Solving

Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps:

Correct Answer
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When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?

Correct Answer
verified

People are most successful at noticing an analogous relationship between problems if they focus on

Correct Answer
verified

Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify _____ for the problems.

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the Gestalt approach to problem solving and provide an example.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The Gestalt approach to problem solving ...
View Answer

Divergent thinking is most closely associated with ____ problems.

Correct Answer
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Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate that

Correct Answer
verified

Describe in detail the differences between the way experts and nonexperts go about solving problems.In your answer, highlight the advantages and disadvantages to being an expert in a field.

Correct Answer
verified
People who have developed expertise in p...
View Answer

The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays.Therefore, the two problems have very different

Correct Answer
verified

The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between

Correct Answer
verified

Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as

Correct Answer
verified

A _____ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem.

Correct Answer
verified

To reduce the likelihood of design fixation when completing a creative design task, you should

Correct Answer
verified

Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if

Correct Answer
verified

Experts categorize problems based on

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields.This particular discussion suggests that _ may be more important than _ in creative thinking.

Correct Answer
verified

The Tower of Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) problem that has been analyzed using the approach.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?

Correct Answer
verified

In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) ____ state.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: Problem Solving

Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People are most successful at noticing an analogous relationship between problems if they focus on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify _____ for the problems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the Gestalt approach to problem solving and provide an example.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe Gestalt approach to problem solving ...View AnswerShow Answer

Divergent thinking is most closely associated with ____ problems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe in detail the differences between the way experts and nonexperts go about solving problems.In your answer, highlight the advantages and disadvantages to being an expert in a field.

Correct AnswerverifiedPeople who have developed expertise in p...View AnswerShow Answer

The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays.Therefore, the two problems have very different

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A _____ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To reduce the likelihood of design fixation when completing a creative design task, you should

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experts categorize problems based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields.This particular discussion suggests that _____ may be more important than _____ in creative thinking.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Tower of Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) ____ problem that has been analyzed using the ____ approach.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) ____ state.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The Gestalt approach to problem solving ...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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People who have developed expertise in p...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields.This particular discussion suggests that _ may be more important than _ in creative thinking.

Correct Answer
verified

The Tower of Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) problem that has been analyzed using the approach.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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