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Identify and discuss the criticisms of the traditional strategic planning process and why it is useful to view strategy as an emergent process.

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The traditional planning process is view...

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A competitive advantage is considered to be a sustained competitive advantage when the


A) advantage endures for a number of years.
B) firm is able to spread the advantage to all of its business units.
C) advantage is very large.
D) advantage was gained at a low cost.
E) managers who developed the advantage are still employed at the firm.

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Explain the formal strategic planning process.Name each step in the process and describe the specific activities included in each step and the relationship between the steps.

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The strategy formulation portion of the ...

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A company's mission


A) lays out the desired future state of the company.
B) outlines the manner in which employees and managers should conduct themselves.
C) defines the manner in which strategies will be developed and attained.
D) describes what the company does.
E) answers the question, "What will our business become?"

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Which of the following is not a cognitive bias?


A) Escalating commitment
B) Reasoning by analogy
C) Ivory tower thinking
D) Representativeness
E) Illusion of control

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A business model is managers' conception of how the set of strategies their company pursues should mesh together into a congruent whole,thus enabling the company to gain a competitive advantage and achieve superior profitability and profit growth.

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Which of the following cognitive biases occurs when decision makers commit even more resources if they receive feedback that the project is failing?


A) Prior hypothesis bias
B) Reasoning by analogy
C) Illusion of control
D) Escalating commitment
E) Representativeness

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A strategy can be defined as a set of related actions that managers take to increase their company's performance.

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Honda redefined the U.S.motorcycle industry with a brilliantly conceived intented strategy.

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Profit growth is best measured


A) by the increase in share price.
B) by the return on investment.
C) by the increase in net sales.
D) over time.
E) by increases in liquidity.

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Which of the following is the organization's principal general manager?


A) The Board of Director
B) Marketing division head
C) CFO
D) CEO
E) Controller

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Which of the following dimension(s) is (are) encompassed by a company's business model?


A) Selecting customers
B) Defining and differentiating its product offerings
C) Determining how it will produce goods and services
D) Determining how it will grow the business over time
E) All of these.

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Strategic leadership is concerned with how to most effectively manage a company's strategy-making process to create competitive advantage.

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Maximizing shareholder value is


A) a byproduct of a company's cost reduction programs.
B) not generally a viable goal for a company.
C) not the responsibility of a company's managers.
D) the ultimate goal of profit-making companies.
E) not required to attract risk capital.

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The final component of the strategic management process is crafting the organization's mission statement,which provides the framework or context within which strategies are formulated.

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Which of the following cognitive biases refers to the fact that decision makers who have strong prior beliefs about the relationship between two variables tend to make decisions on the basis of these beliefs,even when presented with evidence that their beliefs are wrong?


A) Prior hypothesis bias
B) Reasoning by analogy
C) Illusion of control
D) Escalating commitment
E) Representativeness

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Well-constructed goals provide a means by which the performance of managers can be evaluated.

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Good strategic leaders


A) possess a willingness to delegate and empower subordinates.
B) control all facets of decision making.
C) are confident in their ability to make sound decisions without consulting others.
D) assure uniformity of purpose through the exercise of power.
E) have the ability to be inconsistent when the situation requires inconsistency.

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Which of the following is not a characteristic of well-constructed goals?


A) They are precise and measurable.
B) They are the result of a group decision process.
C) They specify a time period.
D) They are challenging but realistic.
E) They address critical issues.

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One of the factors that distinguishes organizations in the nonprofit sector from for-profit businesses is the lack of concern for strategic management.

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