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A notochord is


A) a strip of cartilage that forms a back and tail in all vertebrates.
B) a stiff dorsal supporting rod.
C) replaced by the vertebral column during development.
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) A stiff dorsal supporting rod that is replaced by the vertebral column during development.

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Several lineages of reptiles evolved from a common ancestral stem reptile,each adapting to different ways of life.

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Based on molecular data and skull features,what reptile(s) has an independent lineage from all other reptiles?


A) lizards
B) snakes
C) turtles
D) crocodiles
E) lizards and crocodiles have independent lineages

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Sharks


A) lack bony skeletons.
B) have placoid scales.
C) have a keen sense of smell.
D) have teeth derived from epidermal scales.
E) All of the choices are correct.

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Amphibians evolved from


A) darters.
B) sharks.
C) bass and bluegill.
D) sturgeon and catfish.
E) lobe-finned fishes with lungs.

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Which term can be applied to all of the vertebrates except for the jawless fish?


A) Gnathostomes
B) Endothermic
C) Tetrapods
D) Amniotes

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Among the chordates,which features are unique to the tunicates?


A) leathery outer covering and an excurrent siphon
B) gill slits and bilateral symmetry
C) sexual reproduction and complete digestive system
D) sessile adult stage and aquatic lifestyle
E) leathery outer covering and sessile adult stage

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Most salamanders practice internal fertilization


A) using spermatophores.
B) externally in water.
C) internally by copulation.
D) just like frogs.

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The cephalochordates possess an atrium that is used to filter microscopic food particles out of the water.

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Which of the following features are found in the lobe-finned fish but are not present in the cartilaginous fish?


A) bony skeletons and lungs
B) paired fins and a bony skeleton
C) jaws and lungs
D) vertebrae and amniotic eggs

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Monotremes


A) are egg laying mammals.
B) include the anteater and duck-billed platypus.
C) nurse their young.
D) All of the above are true.

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