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Two court cases that applied to the regulation of business were Munn v Illinois (1877) and?Nebbia v New York (1934) .Regarding these two cases,which of the following is true?


A) The former case, in effect, gave the federal government more comprehensive powers ?to regulate business than the latter case.
B) The latter case gave the federal government more comprehensive powers to regulate ?business.
C) Both cases were equally important in giving the federal government powers to ?regulate business.
D) Neither case was very important with regard to federal regulation of business but set ?a precedent for later, more important court cases.

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Discuss the economic importance of the case of Munn v Illinois (1877).

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The case of Munn v Illinois (1877) was a...

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Up until the early 1880s,there was no federal control over private activities.

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Andrew Carnegie dominated the steel industry on the basis of the Bessemer converter.This technology permitted unskilled men to produce large quantities of steel at relatively low costs.?This technology was


A) invented by Carnegie.
B) stolen from the British inventor Bessemer.
C) acquired legally from the British inventor Bessemer.
D) imported from Germany.

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The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890


A) did not specify what economic actions are legal.
B) said that only competitive economic actions were legal.
C) declared illegal every combination in restraint of trade.
D) declared none of the above.

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Why do some economists argue that recessions are partly responsible for a rise in the number of collusive agreements among businesses and merged firms?

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Collusion is an agreement between busine...

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Research in history and economic history shows that before 1880,


A) there was some government intervention in the private sector of the American economy.
B) there was substantial federal regulation of private business organization but little influence?in the economy otherwise.
C) the regulation and participation that existed were usually of a background nature and were not concerned with the details of day-to-day private business.
D) laissez faire was the rule so far as the federal government was concerned.

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In the struggle to control the power of big business which emerged between the Civil War and?World War I,the nation


A) relied heavily on the principles of government expounded by the Founding Fathers such as Thomas Jefferson.
B) slowly changed into the modern regulated economy.
C) decided ultimately that big business was here to stay and should be allowed to operate without government interference.
D) began a policy of government ownership of business in important sectors of the economy.

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Between 1860 and 1914,the concentration of industrial power did increase.What did members of the general public perceive to be the result of this heavy concentration?


A) Expanded output
B) Lower prices
C) A transfer of income away from consumers ?toward big businesses
D) All of the above

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"Government action is based on majority rule,whereas market action is based on mutual consent.The competitive marketplace allows for proportional representation of each individual.However,minority or unorganized groups must yield to the views of the political majority when activities are undertaken through government." Explain what this statement means and illustrate by using the events leading up to the establishment of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)in 1887 and passing of the Hepburn Act of 1906.

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This statement means that in a democratic government, decisions are made based on the majority rule, meaning that the views and interests of the majority of the population are prioritized. On the other hand, in a market economy, actions are based on mutual consent, where individuals are free to make their own choices and compete in a fair marketplace. The establishment of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) in 1887 and the passing of the Hepburn Act of 1906 illustrate this concept. In the late 19th century, the railroad industry in the United States was dominated by a few powerful companies, and there were concerns about unfair practices and high rates charged by these companies. Small businesses and farmers, who were in the minority and unorganized, struggled to compete and were often at the mercy of the railroad companies. As a response to these issues, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was established to regulate the railroad industry and ensure fair and reasonable rates. This government action was based on the majority rule, representing the interests of the larger population who relied on the railroad for transportation of goods and people. Subsequently, the passing of the Hepburn Act in 1906 further strengthened the ICC's regulatory powers, allowing the commission to set maximum freight rates and regulate other aspects of the railroad industry. This again demonstrated how government action, based on majority rule, intervened to protect the interests of the larger population against the powerful railroad companies. Overall, the events leading up to the establishment of the ICC and the passing of the Hepburn Act exemplify how government action, influenced by the majority rule, intervened to address the concerns of minority or unorganized groups in the marketplace.

Lamoreux's (1985)research finds that between 1895 and 1904,the manufacturing market was dominated by big businesses.They accounted for over 70 percent of the output produced.Lamoreux credits three historic events for this phenomenon.Identify and describe these three events.

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Lamoreux's (1985) research identifies th...

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How does the federal government influence the flow of goods and services into the country and,consequently,create extra profitability or rents in domestic production that would not have been ?there under free market conditions?


A) tariffs
B) minimum wage laws
C) control of the public domain
D) federal income taxes

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A

Describe the role of the rise of giant enterprises in economic growth and development assigned?by Chandler (1977).

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In his seminal work "The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business," Chandler (1977) describes the role of the rise of giant enterprises in economic growth and development. He argues that the emergence of large, multi-divisional corporations with centralized management structures has been a key driver of economic growth and development. Chandler argues that these giant enterprises have been instrumental in driving innovation, increasing productivity, and driving economies of scale. By coordinating production and distribution across multiple markets, these large corporations have been able to achieve efficiencies that smaller firms cannot match. This has led to increased output, lower prices for consumers, and overall economic growth. Furthermore, Chandler highlights that the rise of giant enterprises has led to the development of new industries and the expansion of existing ones. By investing in research and development, these large firms have been able to bring new products and technologies to market, stimulating economic growth and development. Additionally, Chandler emphasizes the role of these large corporations in shaping national and international markets. By leveraging their size and resources, they have been able to influence market dynamics and drive competition, ultimately leading to increased economic development. Overall, Chandler's work underscores the critical role that the rise of giant enterprises has played in driving economic growth and development, and highlights the importance of understanding the dynamics of these large corporations in shaping the modern economy.

In the pivotal Supreme Court decision Munn v Illinois (1877) ,the court held that


A) natural monopolies were subject to government regulation.
B) business in interstate commerce was subject to regulation.
C) any business, whether or not a natural monopoly, or whether or not it was in interstate ?commerce, may under certain circumstances be subject to regulation.
D) only businesses chartered (licensed) by governments could be subjected to government regulation.

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What are economies of scale? How are they related to giant enterprises?

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Economies of scale refer to the cost adv...

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Fears that the Munn v Illinois (1877)doctrine would result in excessive government control over businesses were not realized,for it actually had the effect of retarding government regulation.

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What was the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ,established in 1914,created to enforce?


A) U.S. foreign trade
B) The maritime code
C) The Interstate Commerce Act
D) The antitrust laws

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According to Chandler (1977) ,the major event in business development in 1895-1904 was


A) the Granger cases.
B) Munn v Illinois (1877) .
C) the rise of vertically integrated firms.
D) the merger wave.

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Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)Act of 1887 gave the federal government rate-setting powers.

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Describe the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 and the Clayton Act of 1914.Why was the Clayton Act necessary?

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The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was th...

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