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Which one of the following heterocyclic amines is not a base in DNA?


A) uracil
B) thymine
C) cytosine
D) adenine
E) guanine

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Which of the following D-aldoses will produce an optically inactive product when treated with NaBH4/H2O? Which of the following D-aldoses will produce an optically inactive product when treated with NaBH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O?   A)  I B)  II C)  III D)  IV E)  none of these


A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) none of these

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Which of the following disaccharides is a reducing sugar? Which of the following disaccharides is a reducing sugar?     A)  I B)  II C)  III D)  IV E)  none of these Which of the following disaccharides is a reducing sugar?     A)  I B)  II C)  III D)  IV E)  none of these


A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) none of these

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Identify the classification for D-erythrose.


A) aldotetrose
B) ketotetrose
C) aldopentose
D) ketopentose
E) aldohexose

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Draw the Fischer projection for the open-chain form of the following cyclic monosaccharide. Draw the Fischer projection for the open-chain form of the following cyclic monosaccharide.

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Which of the following is a L-hexose? Which of the following is a L-hexose?   A)  I B)  II C)  III D)  IV E)  V


A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

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Give the characteristics of a D-sugar.


A) R configuration and dextrorotatory
B) R configuration and levorotatory
C) S configuration and dextrorotatory
D) S configuration and levorotatory
E) D and L have no correlation to configuration and rotation of plane-polarized light.

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Predict the product(s) when maltose is treated with CH3OH/HCl.

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Which one of the following compounds would give a positive test with Benedict's solution? Which one of the following compounds would give a positive test with Benedict's solution?     A)  I B)  II C)  III D)  IV E)  none of these Which one of the following compounds would give a positive test with Benedict's solution?     A)  I B)  II C)  III D)  IV E)  none of these


A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) none of these

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Which of the following is a reducing sugar with a 1 \to 4 α\alpha -glycosidic linkage?


A) maltose
B) cellobiose
C) sucrose
D) lactose
E) B and D

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What is the correct name for the following compound?  What is the correct name for the following compound?   A)  ( \alpha -D-fructofuranose)  B)  ( \beta -D-sorbofuranose)  C)  ( \alpha -D-glucopyranose)  D)  ( \beta -D- fructofuranose)  E)  ( \beta -D-gulopyranose)


A) ( α\alpha -D-fructofuranose)
B) ( β\beta -D-sorbofuranose)
C) ( α\alpha -D-glucopyranose)
D) ( β\beta -D- fructofuranose)
E) ( β\beta -D-gulopyranose)

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Polysaccharides are made by joining ________together.


A) disaccharides
B) trisaccharides
C) polysaccharides
D) monosaccharides
E) all of these

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Provide the structure for cytidine.

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Which of the following best describes the relationship between D-glucose and D-galactose?


A) enantiomers
B) anomers
C) epimers
D) constitutional isomers
E) none of these

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Of the possible stereoisomers for galactose, how many are L-isomers?


A) 8
B) 6
C) 10
D) 3
E) 4

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Which aldose would produce D-ribose and D-arabinose when subjected to the Kiliani-Fischer synthesis?


A) D-threose
B) D-xylose
C) D-erythrose
D) D-allose
E) D-lyxose

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Predict the product(s) for the following reaction. Predict the product(s) for the following reaction.

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The sequence of reactions that results in a chain shortening of the aldose chain is called the _______________ degradation.

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Provide the reactant(s) for the following reaction. Provide the reactant(s) for the following reaction.

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Raffinose is a trisaccharide found in whole grains. Is raffinose a reducing sugar? Raffinose is a trisaccharide found in whole grains. Is raffinose a reducing sugar?   A)  yes B)  no


A) yes
B) no

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