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The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and it has been one of the most significant amendments in American history. The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law, and it has had a profound impact on civil rights and legal protections for all Americans.
The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves, and it prohibited states from denying any person "life, liberty, or property, without due process of law" or denying any person "equal protection of the laws." This amendment was a direct response to the injustices and discrimination faced by African Americans and other marginalized groups in the aftermath of the Civil War.
Throughout the country, the reception of the Fourteenth Amendment was mixed. While it was celebrated as a major step forward in ensuring equal rights and protections for all citizens, it also faced significant opposition from those who sought to maintain the status quo of racial inequality. Southern states, in particular, resisted the implementation of the Fourteenth Amendment and continued to enact discriminatory laws and practices.
Over time, the Fourteenth Amendment has been the basis for numerous landmark Supreme Court decisions that have expanded civil rights and liberties for all Americans. It has been used to challenge segregation, discrimination, and unequal treatment under the law, and it continues to be a cornerstone of the fight for equality and justice in the United States. Despite ongoing challenges and resistance, the Fourteenth Amendment remains a crucial tool in the ongoing struggle for civil rights and equal protection for all.
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Major problems facing the nation in Apri...View Answer
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A) Johnson's role in Lincoln's assassination
B) Johnson's past service as a Confederate soldier
C) a growing conflict of opinion over Reconstruction policy
D) Congress's insistence that Johnson stole the presidency
E) the House's impeachment of Johnson
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A) They were both lifelong Republicans.
B) They held identical political positions.
C) They agreed on the need for strict terms to readmit southern states into the Union.
D) As a gesture of unity, they combined to create a National Union ticket.
E) Johnson and Lincoln had already served together in the Illinois state government.
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A) To make the South a northern colony
B) To ensure the South would never rejoin the Union
C) To keep former Confederates from electing Democrats eager to restore the old southern ruling class to power
D) To facilitate a complete national reconciliation that included both southern whites and blacks
E) To anger President Lincoln
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A) It ended cotton cultivation throughout the region.
B) It left the South's agricultural economy in disarray.
C) It resulted in the immediate rebound of tobacco production.
D) It eliminated racial prejudice in many states.
E) It encouraged reconciliation with the North.
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A) Slavery became legal once more.
B) The Fourteenth Amendment was repealed.
C) The Democratic party ceased to function.
D) President Johnson was removed from office.
E) Moderate Republicans moved to support Radical Republicans' Reconstruction policies.
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E
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Abraham Lincoln's plan for Reconstructio...View Answer
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A) no candidate had an Electoral College majority
B) Hayes led Tilden in popular votes
C) it was clear that a clean election had occurred
D) the Democrats immediately conceded defeat
E) the Supreme Court ordered a new election
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A) generated unexpected support for Radical Reconstruction among southern white elites
B) resulted in a rebellion that overthrew the reconstructed South Carolina state government
C) enabled the state legislature to reinstitute legal slavery
D) helped keep corruption from becoming a problem in the state government
E) led many former Confederate leaders to oppose the Radical state legislature
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E
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A) gave the White House to Tilden
B) ended the North-South division
C) protected the civil rights of ex-slaves
D) ended Reconstruction
E) kept federal troops in the Deep South
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A) to proclaim their strong support of President Lincoln's Reconstruction policies
B) to warn the South of a second Civil War if it did not grant full civil rights to the freedmen
C) to protest Lincoln's veto of the Wade-Davis Bill and accuse Lincoln of exceeding his constitutional authority
D) to express their opinion that the South deserved lenient terms to rejoin the Union
E) to accuse England of meddling in the Civil War
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A) organize groups of Republicans in the South
B) terrorize ex-Confederates
C) acquire land for Union veterans
D) defy Radical Reconstruction
E) organize black laborers for higher wages
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A) passively awaited developments
B) attempted to establish schools
C) normally joined integrated churches
D) terrorized their former masters
E) refused to work for wages
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A) keeping federal troops stationed in the South
B) allowing states the right to secede
C) protecting black civil rights as a top priority
D) relaxing federal authority in the South
E) supporting universal female suffrage
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A) everybody with taxable property worth more than $20,000
B) the freedmen
C) the small farmers
D) the British
E) northern industrialists
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A) was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B) was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican
C) asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D) was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E) was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F) was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G) was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H) opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
I) was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J) his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar
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