Question 1

The "S" in the S/N ratio in a classroom is the:

Accepted Answer

A)   sound from adjacent rooms.
B)   sound of the ventilation system.
C)   level of the teacher's voice.
D)   scene analysis.

Question 2

The anecdote about the construction of New York's Philharmonic Hall demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)   an ideal reverberation time does not always predict good acoustics.
B)   an ideal reverberation time always predicts good acoustics.
C)   musicians should design symphony halls.
D)   the MLD is more important than the ILD in architectural acoustics. A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a coordinate system for auditory localization?

Accepted Answer

A)   elevation
B)   depth
C)   azimuth
D)   time

Question 4

Warren et al. presented listeners with tones that were either (1)  interrupted with silent gaps; or (2)  interrupted with silent gaps with noise. The results showed

Accepted Answer

A)   both conditions resulted in listeners hearing a continuous tone.
B)   both conditions resulted in listeners hearing bursts of separate tones.
C)   the noise condition resulted in listeners hearing a continuous tone.
D)   the silent gap condition resulted in listeners hearing a continuous tone.

Question 5

Describe the method, results, and implications of the Hofmann et al. research on the role of spectral cues for localization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the method, results, and implications of...

Question 6

Spectral cues for auditory localization are provided by

Accepted Answer

A)   the frequency of the sound wave.
B)   the interaural level difference.
C)   the head position and the pinnae.
D)   the motion of the stimulus.

Question 7

From the auditory nerve, information is passed through a sequence of subcortical structures. Which of the following reflects the correct sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)   medial geniculate nucleus, cochlear nucleus, superior olivary nucleus, inferior colliculus
B)   cochlear nucleus, superior olivary nucleus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate nucleus
C)   superior olivary nucleus, medial geniculate nucleus, cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus
D)   medial geniculate nucleus, inferior colliculus, cochlear nucleus, superior olivary nucleus

Question 8

In the precedence effect, the sound from the far speaker

Accepted Answer

A)   does not contribute to the perception of the sound.
B)   only helps sound localization if the time difference is less than 5 milliseconds.
C)   only helps sound localization if the time difference is less than 2 milliseconds.
D)   contributes to the richness of the sound.

Question 9

Interaural time difference detectors

Accepted Answer

A)   have not been found in the monkey auditory cortex.
B)   have been discovered in the monkey occipital cortex.
C)   have been found in the monkey auditory cortex that responds best to specific delays.
D)   have been found in the monkey auditory cortex, but do not differentially respond to different delays.

Question 10

What are the two binaural auditory localization cues? Why do they occur? How is sound frequency related to these cues?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the two binaural auditory localization...

Question 11

The ______ is the dominant cue for locating low-frequency sounds along the azimuth.

Accepted Answer

A)   ITD
B)   ILD
C)   Both ITD and ILD are equally effective.
D)   HRTF only

Question 12

The "ideal" reverberation time for symphony halls is

Accepted Answer

A)   50 milliseconds.
B)   500 milliseconds.
C)   2 seconds.
D)   7 seconds.

Question 13

The major concern involved in architectural acoustics is how

Accepted Answer

A)   indirect sound changes sound quality.
B)   indirect sound affects VAS.
C)   direct sound changes sound quality.
D)   direct sound affects VAS.

Question 14

Auditory grouping can be accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A)   similarity of timbre.
B)   similarity of pitch.
C)   location.
D)   all of these.

Question 15

The ideal S/N ratio in a classroom is _____ db.

Accepted Answer

A)   0 to +1.00
B)   -1.00 to +1.00
C)   +0.67 to +1.05
D)   +10 to +15

Question 16

Describe the Jeffress model of auditory localization. What evidence supports the theory and what evidence poses a challenge for this theory?

Accepted Answer

The Jeffress model of auditory localization proposes that the brain uses the timing differences of sound arrival at the two ears to determine the location of a sound source. According to this model, neurons in the auditory system receive input from both ears and are tuned to respond to specific interaural time differences (ITDs). These neurons are arranged in a "delay line" fashion, with each neuron representing a specific ITD. When a sound is heard, the neuron that matches the ITD of that sound fires, and the brain uses this information to determine the location of the sound.

There is evidence to support the Jeffress model, including studies that have found neurons in the auditory system that are selective for specific ITDs, as well as neuroimaging studies that have shown activity in the auditory cortex corresponding to different sound locations. Additionally, behavioral studies have found that humans and animals are able to localize sound based on ITDs.

However, there is also evidence that poses a challenge to the Jeffress model. For example, some studies have found that the actual neural responses in the auditory system do not perfectly match the predictions of the Jeffress model, and there are other cues, such as interaural level differences and spectral cues, that also play a role in sound localization. Additionally, the Jeffress model may not fully explain how the brain integrates information from both ears to accurately determine sound location in real-world, complex listening environments.

Overall, while the Jeffress model provides a useful framework for understanding auditory localization, it is clear that there are still many complexities and challenges in fully explaining how the brain processes sound location information.

Question 17

The horizontal axis in auditory localization is called the

Accepted Answer

A)   elevation.
B)   depth.
C)   azimuth.
D)   bradburthy.

Question 18

The time that it takes a sound to decrease to ____ of its original level is the reverberation time.

Accepted Answer

A)   1/1000th
B)   1/10th
C)   1/5th
D)   none of these A

Question 19

Which of the following factors needs to be considered in architectural acoustics?

Accepted Answer

A)   intimacy time
B)   spaciousness factor
C)   bass ratio
D)   all of these

Question 20

Patient J.G. has temporal lobe damage. While this has not affected his ability to locate sounds, he has difficulty recognizing sounds. This case provides evidence for

Accepted Answer

A)   the Jeffress model of auditory localization.
B)   what and where pathways in audition.
C)   the existence of separate subcortical structures.
D)   how and where pathways in audition.

Exam 12: Auditory Localization and Organization

The "S" in the S/N ratio in a classroom is the:

Correct Answer
verified

The anecdote about the construction of New York's Philharmonic Hall demonstrates that

Correct Answer
verified
A

Which of the following is NOT a coordinate system for auditory localization?

Correct Answer
verified

Warren et al. presented listeners with tones that were either (1) interrupted with silent gaps; or (2) interrupted with silent gaps with noise. The results showed

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the method, results, and implications of the Hofmann et al. research on the role of spectral cues for localization.

Correct Answer
verified

Spectral cues for auditory localization are provided by

Correct Answer
verified

From the auditory nerve, information is passed through a sequence of subcortical structures. Which of the following reflects the correct sequence?

Correct Answer
verified

In the precedence effect, the sound from the far speaker

Correct Answer
verified

Interaural time difference detectors

Correct Answer
verified

What are the two binaural auditory localization cues? Why do they occur? How is sound frequency related to these cues?

Correct Answer
verified

The ______ is the dominant cue for locating low-frequency sounds along the azimuth.

Correct Answer
verified

The "ideal" reverberation time for symphony halls is

Correct Answer
verified

The major concern involved in architectural acoustics is how

Correct Answer
verified

Auditory grouping can be accomplished by

Correct Answer
verified

The ideal S/N ratio in a classroom is _____ db.

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the Jeffress model of auditory localization. What evidence supports the theory and what evidence poses a challenge for this theory?

The horizontal axis in auditory localization is called the

Correct Answer
verified

The time that it takes a sound to decrease to ____ of its original level is the reverberation time.

Correct Answer
verified
A

Which of the following factors needs to be considered in architectural acoustics?

Correct Answer
verified

Patient J.G. has temporal lobe damage. While this has not affected his ability to locate sounds, he has difficulty recognizing sounds. This case provides evidence for

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: Auditory Localization and Organization

The "S" in the S/N ratio in a classroom is the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The anecdote about the construction of New York's Philharmonic Hall demonstrates that

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following is NOT a coordinate system for auditory localization?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Warren et al. presented listeners with tones that were either (1) interrupted with silent gaps; or (2) interrupted with silent gaps with noise. The results showed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the method, results, and implications of the Hofmann et al. research on the role of spectral cues for localization.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Spectral cues for auditory localization are provided by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

From the auditory nerve, information is passed through a sequence of subcortical structures. Which of the following reflects the correct sequence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the precedence effect, the sound from the far speaker

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Interaural time difference detectors

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the two binaural auditory localization cues? Why do they occur? How is sound frequency related to these cues?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ______ is the dominant cue for locating low-frequency sounds along the azimuth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "ideal" reverberation time for symphony halls is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major concern involved in architectural acoustics is how

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Auditory grouping can be accomplished by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ideal S/N ratio in a classroom is _____ db.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the Jeffress model of auditory localization. What evidence supports the theory and what evidence poses a challenge for this theory?

The horizontal axis in auditory localization is called the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The time that it takes a sound to decrease to ____ of its original level is the reverberation time.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following factors needs to be considered in architectural acoustics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patient J.G. has temporal lobe damage. While this has not affected his ability to locate sounds, he has difficulty recognizing sounds. This case provides evidence for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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