Exam 24: Cold War America, 1945-1963

A) a single assembly.
B) a small board of delegates from the United States and the Soviet Union.
C) separate assemblies for Eastern and Western Europe.
D) the General Assembly and Security Council.

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A) President Kennedy worked quietly through diplomatic channels to resolve the problem.
B) Khrushchev used television to alert the world to the crisis.
C) The United States and the Soviet Union came closer to nuclear war than at any other time.
D) Khrushchev ordered a quarantine of American shipments headed for Cuba.

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A) A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B) An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C) The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D) The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E) President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F) Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G) Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H) A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I) Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J) A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K) Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L) The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M) A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N) Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O) The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P) President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q) President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R) A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S) The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T) Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

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A) New Dealer.
B) Cold Warrior.
C) challenger of the labor movement.
D) opponent of the civil rights agenda.

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A) Kennedy won a decisive victory over Richard Nixon.
B) The New Deal Democratic coalition failed because southern whites voted Republican.
C) Kennedy won by a very slim margin of just a few thousand votes.
D) Richard Nixon's popularity was due to his impressive performance on television.

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A) A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B) An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C) The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D) The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E) President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F) Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G) Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H) A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I) Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J) A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K) Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L) The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M) A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N) Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O) The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P) President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q) President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R) A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S) The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T) Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

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A) Stalin's refusal to allow self-determination for the countries of Eastern Europe.
B) the Soviet Union's explosion of an atomic bomb and later a hydrogen bomb.
C) the Soviet Union's participation in the creation of the Warsaw Pact.
D) Stalin's refusal to allow Eastern European countries to participate in the Marshall Plan.

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A) Campaign finance reform
B) Allegations of communism
C) The Fair Deal
D) Modern Republicanism

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A) writing letters to President Kennedy appealing for U.S.intervention.
B) petitioning the Diem regime directly with grievances.
C) staging dramatic demonstrations,including self-immolations.
D) publishing newspapers and fliers critical of the regime.

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A) A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B) An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C) The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D) The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E) President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F) Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G) Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H) A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I) Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J) A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K) Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L) The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M) A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N) Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O) The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P) President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q) President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R) A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S) The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T) Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

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A) refused to launch a surprise amphibious invasion behind North Korean lines.
B) ordered his troops to cross the 38th parallel and proceed to the Chinese border.
C) publicly called the conflict "the wrong war,at the wrong place ...with the wrong enemy."
D) sent American bombers on an unauthorized raid on mainland China.

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A) The United States recognized the new government of China.
B) Truman and his aides supported China's admission to the UN.
C) Conservative critics accused the State Department of losing China.
D) Americans refused to recognize the exiled Nationalist government established in Taiwan.

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A) Free elections for a united Vietnam in 1956
B) French withdrawal of troops from the north in Vietnam
C) Partitioning of Vietnam
D) Establishment of a demarcation line at the seventeenth parallel

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A) A meeting of President Roosevelt,Prime Minister Churchill,and Joseph Stalin in February 1945,in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany,the status of Poland,the creation of the United Nations,and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
B) An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference,and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945,consisting of a General Assembly,in which all nations are represented,and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers-the United States,Britain,France,China,and the Soviet Union-and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
C) The July 1945 conference at which American officials convinced the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin to accept German reparations only from the Soviet zone,or far eastern part of Germany.The agreement paved the way for the division of Germany into East and West.
D) The basic U.S.policy of the Cold War,which sought to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries.Initially,this policy focused on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,but in the 1950s it came to include China,North Korea,and other parts of the developing world.
E) President Harry S.Truman's commitment to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." First applied to Greece and Turkey in 1947,it became the justification for U.S.intervention into several countries during the Cold War.
F) Aid program begun in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II.
G) Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States,Canada,and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
H) A military alliance established in Eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance;it included Albania,Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Hungary,Poland,Romania,and the Soviet Union.
I) Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival in the face of Soviet communism required a massive military buildup.
J) A combination of moderate liberal policies that preserved the programs of the New Deal welfare state and forthright anticommunism that vilified the Soviet Union abroad and radicalism at home.Adopted by President Truman and the Democratic Party during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
K) Law passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 1947 that overhauled the 1935 National Labor Relations Act,placing restrictions on organized labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers.
L) The domestic policy agenda announced by President Harry S.Truman in 1949.Including civil rights,health care,and education reform,Truman's initiative was only partially successful in Congress.
M) A program created in 1947 by President Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for "subversive" activities.
N) Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who might be disloyal to the government or might have associated with communists or other radicals.
O) The defense policy of the Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of the hydrogen bomb and developed long-range bombing capabilities.
P) President Eisenhower's theory of containment,which warned that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries.
Q) President Eisenhower's 1957 declaration that the United States would actively combat communism in the Middle East.
R) A failed U.S.-sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who planned to overthrow Fidel Castro's government.
S) The 1962 nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States when the Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba.
T) Program launched by President Kennedy in 1961 through which young American volunteers helped with education,health,and other projects in developing countries around the world.

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A) Cuban missile crisis
B) Building of the Berlin Wall
C) Bay of Pigs
D) Alliance for Progress

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A) increasing the number of American troops on the ground to 16,000 by 1963.
B) secretly bombing the jungle trails of the Vietminh in Cambodia and Laos.
C) encouraging the South Vietnamese government to adopt the "strategic hamlet" strategy.
D) supporting a coup to oust Ngo Dinh Diem and install a pro-American government.

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