Question 1

Under the American Psychological Association's ethical code for psychologists, psychological researchers:

Accepted Answer

A)   must respect the dignity and welfare of the research participants.
B)   must consult each participant's family doctor.
C)   are never allowed to deceive research participants.
D)   can identify research participants by name, but only in professional journals.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

The first major school of thought in psychology was called structuralism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A critical thinker can assume other perspectives that are fundamentally different from his or her own.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The four basic goals of psychology are to (1) describe, (2) explain, (3) predict, and (4) control or influence behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

As a subject in an experiment, you are told to look at a coffee mug carefully and then report all your sensations and feelings about the coffee mug after viewing it. What psychological technique have you been told to use?

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalysis
B)   introspection
C)   interactive dualism
D)   natural selectionE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Investigators can answer important questions, such as when certain behaviors take place, how often they occur, and whether they are related to other factors such as age, ethnic origins, or educational level, by using _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   meta analysis
B)   descriptive research methods
C)   experimental research methods
D)   pseudoscientific methodsE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

School psychologists provide a variety of psychological services to children, adolescents, and families in public and private schools.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

During the month-long hotel experiment conducted by Crum and Langer:

Accepted Answer

A)   hotel management confirmed that the workload of the housekeeping staff remained constant in both conditions throughout the study.
B)   the workload of the staff in the experimental group was increased and the workload of the control group was correspondingly decreased.
C)   the participants in the "informed group" tended to do much more exercise outside their jobs than did the "uninformed" group.
D)   the experimental but not the control participants reported increased levels of fatigue due to their perception that work was exercise.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Who was the first woman to be elected president of the American Psychological Association?

Accepted Answer

A)   Margaret Floy Washburn
B)   Francis C. Sumner
C)   Mary Whiton Calkins
D)   Rebecca SnyderE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Key figures in the development of behaviorism include:

Accepted Answer

A)   Wundt, Titchener, and James.
B)   James, Watson, and Calkins.
C)   Maslow, Freud, and Rogers.
D)   Watson, Pavlov, and Skinner.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Who made this statement: "Now the immediate fact which psychology, the science of mind, has to study is also the most general fact. It is the fact that in each of us, when awake (and often when asleep) , some kind of consciousness is always going on."

Accepted Answer

A)   John B. Watson
B)   William James
C)   B. F. Skinner
D)   Mary Whiton CalkinsE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Psychoanalysis emphasizes:

Accepted Answer

A)   unconscious causes of behavior.
B)   overt behavior and principles of learning.
C)   psychological growth and conscious experience.
D)   the perception of whole figures.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 13

You are a subject in an experiment and you are told: "Look at this apple very carefully and tell me your exact sensations and feelings as you experience them." The experimenter in this study probably believes in what school of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalysis
B)   functionalism
C)   structuralism
D)   behaviorismE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Some limitations of brain-imaging studies discussed in the Focus on Neuroscience feature in Chapter 1 include the fact that they typically involve a small number of participants and that they tend to focus on simple aspects of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Physiology is:

Accepted Answer

A)   a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms, including humans.
B)   the scientific discipline founded by Wilhelm Wundt.
C)   a branch of philosophy that studies interactive dualism.
D)   sometimes referred to as the "third force" in American psychology.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Researchers at the Allied Mental Health Center are conducting a study to determine how quickly symptoms of depression are reduced by different forms of psychotherapy. What is the independent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)   change in the symptoms of depression
B)   method used to recruit participants for the study
C)   form of psychotherapy used to treat depression
D)   cost of the studyE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

In order to test the hypothesis that premarital education enhances marital quality, Dr. Stanley should first:

Accepted Answer

A)   conduct pseudoscientific research.
B)   use naturalistic observation to observe happily married couples.
C)   operationally define the terms premarital education and marital quality.
D)   avoid operational definitions because they reflect preconceived ideas and biases.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

The first African American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States was:

Accepted Answer

A)   Francis C. Sumner.
B)   Abraham Maslow.
C)   G. Stanley Hall.
D)   Margaret Floy Washburn.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

While conducting research on intelligence, a group of experimenters was very careful to control for unwanted variability in such factors as age, gender, ethnic background, socioeconomic status, and so on. They took these precautions in order to avoid or minimize the influence of:

Accepted Answer

A)   extraneous or confounding variables.
B)   dependent or outcome variables.
C)   demand characteristics.
D)   practice effects.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

When evaluating the evolutionary perspective, why is it important to keep the time frame of evolutionary changes in mind?

Accepted Answer

When evaluating the evolutionary perspec...

Exam 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Researchers at the Allied Mental Health Center are conducting a study to determine how quickly symptoms of depression are reduced by different forms of psychotherapy. What is the independent variable in this study?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

School psychologists provide a variety of psychological services to children, adolescents, and families in public and private schools.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under the American Psychological Association's ethical code for psychologists, psychological researchers:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the month-long hotel experiment conducted by Crum and Langer:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The four basic goals of psychology are to (1) describe, (2) explain, (3) predict, and (4) control or influence behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are a subject in an experiment and you are told: "Look at this apple very carefully and tell me your exact sensations and feelings as you experience them." The experimenter in this study probably believes in what school of psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Investigators can answer important questions, such as when certain behaviors take place, how often they occur, and whether they are related to other factors such as age, ethnic origins, or educational level, by using _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who was the first woman to be elected president of the American Psychological Association?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first major school of thought in psychology was called structuralism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who made this statement: "Now the immediate fact which psychology, the science of mind, has to study is also the most general fact. It is the fact that in each of us, when awake (and often when asleep) , some kind of consciousness is always going on."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A critical thinker can assume other perspectives that are fundamentally different from his or her own.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Key figures in the development of behaviorism include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some limitations of brain-imaging studies discussed in the Focus on Neuroscience feature in Chapter 1 include the fact that they typically involve a small number of participants and that they tend to focus on simple aspects of behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to test the hypothesis that premarital education enhances marital quality, Dr. Stanley should first:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first African American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States was:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychoanalysis emphasizes:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Physiology is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While conducting research on intelligence, a group of experimenters was very careful to control for unwanted variability in such factors as age, gender, ethnic background, socioeconomic status, and so on. They took these precautions in order to avoid or minimize the influence of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a subject in an experiment, you are told to look at a coffee mug carefully and then report all your sensations and feelings about the coffee mug after viewing it. What psychological technique have you been told to use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When evaluating the evolutionary perspective, why is it important to keep the time frame of evolutionary changes in mind?

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When evaluating the evolutionary perspec...
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