Exam 25: Nuclear Chemistry 1-41

A) gamma rays
B) alpha particles
C) protons
D) beta particles
E) positron particles

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A) 4.59 x 10¹² atoms/s
B) 4.73 x 10¹² atoms/s
C) 4.61 x 10²⁴ atoms/s
D) 9.98 x 10^-4 atoms/s

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A) An isotope that will fission when hit by a neutron is said to be fertile.
B) A moderator slows down neutrons.
C) Control rods absorb energy to control the fission reaction.
D) Electrons dislodged from an atom or molecule by alpha or beta particles are called primary electrons.
E) Radiation exposes photographic film the same as light.

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A) Geiger-Müller counters detect radiation by the ionization caused in the gas in the counter.
B) Bubble chambers detect radiation by the ionization trail left by the radiation.
C) Radiation causes no harm to the human body.
D) Radiation kills cancer cells more easily than normal cells.
E) Alpha particles are less penetrating than beta particles.

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A) 214Pb
B) 206Hg
C) 214Hg
D) 206Pb
E) 206Br

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A) I and II
B) I, II, III
C) I and III
D) I and IV
E) I, II, III, and IV

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A) temperature independent
B) a second-order process
C) a zero-order process
D) a process with a large activation energy

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A) 4.07 × 10⁹ y
B) 4.06 × 10⁹ y
C) 9.02 × 10⁹ y
D) 4.51 × 10⁹ y
E) 5.00 × 10⁹ y

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A) 5700 y
B) 5437 y
C) 3245 y
D) 9220 y
E) 5970 y

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A) It involves nuclides with atomic number larger than 83 and mass number larger than 200.
B) It has great penetrating power, but little ionizing power.
C) It often leaves the nucleus in an excited state.
D) The atomic number decreases by two.
E) The alpha particle is made up of two protons and two neutrons.

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A) Radioactive 32P as a phosphate can be used to trace the uptake of phosphorus in plants.
B) The thyroid gland can be studied by the use of radioactive iodine.
C) There is no difference in physical properties between isotopes.
D) The mechanism of a chemical reaction can be followed by a radioactive tracer such as 35S.
E) Industrial catalysts can be followed by a tracer such as 192Ir.

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A) radioactive, beta
B) radioactive, fission
C) radioactive, alpha
D) radioactive, neutron
E) stable

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A) radioactive, beta
B) radioactive, fission
C) radioactive, alpha
D) radioactive, neutron
E) stable

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A) 2 g of element X is required to produce 1.5 g of element Z after 8 days
B) element Z will weigh considerably less than element X after decay is complete because of the loss of electrons
C) element Z will weigh more than element X when decay is complete since Z has the higher atomic number
D) after 8 days the sample will consist of one-fourth element Z and three-fourths element X
E) after 8 days element X will be all element Z

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A) +
→
+
+ 3

B) +
→
+

C) +
→
+

D) +
→
+
+

E) +
→

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A) Instability leading to decay by alpha particle emission is found mostly in nuclides of very large mass number.
B) Decay by beta emission is confined to nuclides of very low mass number.
C) Ejection of an electron by a nuclide results in a nuclide of next lower mass number.
D) All radiations emitted by radioactive nuclides consist of charged, high energy particles.
E) Many alpha and beta emissions are followed by gamma emissions.

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A) 139 d
B) 0.298 d
C) 0.207 d
D) 2.32 d
E) 2.50 d

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