Question 1

What is the opinion of experts on infant socioemotional development, such as Jerome Kagan, on an infant's capacity to display emotions like guilt, pride, despair, shame, empathy, and jealousy in the first year?

Accepted Answer

A)   The structural immaturity of the infant brain makes it unlikely that such emotions can be experienced in the first year.
B)   Infants characterized by negative affectivity are more prone to experience such emotions in the first year.
C)   The excitability of the amygdala plays an important role in the development of such emotions.
D)   Cultural differences in temperament prevent Asian infants from experiencing such emotions in the first year.

Question 2

In the Strange Situation, Quentin cries mildly when his caregiver departs. However, he is happy upon reunion, and then he continues to explore once the caregiver has returned. He would be classified as being

Accepted Answer

A)   securely attached.
B)   insecure disorganized.
C)   insecure resistant.
D)   insecure avoidant. A

Question 3

Sakura isn't a particularly active child, and he tends to be wary of new situations and people. Although he doesn't cry, he dislikes dealing with novel situations. According to Thomas and Chess, he would be classified as

Accepted Answer

A)   an easy child.
B)   a difficult child.
C)   a slow-to-warm-up child.
D)   a slow child.

Question 4

Researchers have had mothers put a dot of rouge on the noses of babies and place the babies in front of mirrors to see their reaction. These researchers are studying the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   trust.
B)   attachment.
C)   temperament.
D)   sense of self.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about the transition to parenthood?

Accepted Answer

A)   All mothers are satisfied with their partners' efforts in parenting.
B)   Women do less than an hour of additional work during the transition to parenthood in comparison to 40 minutes for men.
C)   Couples agree that babies either bring them closer or move them apart.
D)   Research shows that all married couples report an increase in marriage satisfaction after the baby is born.

Question 6

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, how long does phase 1 last?

Accepted Answer

A)   from 10 to 18 months
B)   from birth to 2 months
C)   from 2 to 7 months
D)   from 18 to 24 months

Question 7

Which of the following characterizes phase 1 of Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infants instinctively direct their attachment to human figures.
B)   Children become aware of others' feelings, goals, and plans and begin to take these into account in forming their own actions.
C)   Attachment becomes focused on one figure, usually the primary caregiver.
D)   Infants start to lose attachment to their primary caregivers.

Question 8

Baby Tia is crying. Her crying is characterized by the sudden appearance of loud crying without preliminary moaning, followed by breath holding. Identify this type of cry.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Baby Tia is crying. Her crying is...

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of reciprocal socialization?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is bidirectional.
B)   It is asynchronous.
C)   It is nontransactional.
D)   It is harmful to infants.

Question 10

Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists stress that ________ play a more important role in a child's social competence than the attachment theorists, such as Bowlby and Ainsworth, are willing to acknowledge.

Accepted Answer

A)   the child's genetic characteristics and temperament
B)   the quality of parenting and the extra support provided to mothers
C)   security of attachment to a primary caregiver and the subsequent experiences of the child
D)   maternal care and the diversity of social contexts in which the child participates

Question 11

________ has been the most consistent predictor of a secure attachment.

Accepted Answer

A)   Genetic predisposition
B)   Parental sensitivity
C)   Extraversion
D)   Uninhibited disposition B

Question 12

A social smile differs from a reflexive smile in that a social smile

Accepted Answer

A)   occurs in response to an external stimulus.
B)   is first observed beyond the age of 12 months.
C)   occurs only when the infant is asleep.
D)   usually occurs when a child meets unfamiliar adults outside the home environment.

Question 13

The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth. It requires the infant to

Accepted Answer

A)   crawl through a dark tunnel with his or her caregiver and a stranger waiting on the other side.
B)   move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with his or her caregiver and a stranger.
C)   experience loud noises in a room with only a stranger present.
D)   choose between his or her mother and father in a strange situation.

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding paternal caregiving is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Stay-at-home fathers are rarely satisfied with their marriage.
B)   Fathers tend to be ostracized when they take their children to playgrounds.
C)   Fathers lack the ability to act as sensitively and responsively as mothers with their infants.
D)   Paternal interactions usually center on child-care activities, such as feeding, changing diapers, and bathing.

Question 15

Insecure avoidant babies show

Accepted Answer

A)   displeasure by violently reacting to the situation.
B)   insecurity by avoiding the caregiver.
C)   secure attachment to the caregiver.
D)   insecurity by avoiding the stranger. B

Question 16

Andy showed secure attachment as an early infant, and now he is in his early childhood. Which of the following would we expect to see from Andy?

Accepted Answer

A)   increased social competence with peers
B)   greater intelligence than his peers
C)   increased social anxiety
D)   increased aggression with his peers

Question 17

Feelings or affects that occur when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being, are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   temperament
B)   emotions
C)   personality trait
D)   feeling states

Question 18

Emotions that are present in humans and animals and that appear in the first 6 months of the human infant's development are known as

Accepted Answer

A)   primitive emotions.
B)   innate emotions.
C)   primary emotions.
D)   evolved emotions.

Question 19

The recent focus on ________ emphasizes that individuals can engage in a more cognitive, flexible approach to stressful circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A)   extraversion
B)   extreme inhibition
C)   negative affectivity
D)   effortful control

Question 20

One study of two- and three-year-old children revealed that an increase in the number of child-care arrangements the children experienced was linked to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease in reciprocal socialization.
B)   increase in behavioral problems.
C)   increase in prosocial behavior.
D)   increase in secure attachment.

Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

What is the opinion of experts on infant socioemotional development, such as Jerome Kagan, on an infant's capacity to display emotions like guilt, pride, despair, shame, empathy, and jealousy in the first year?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Strange Situation, Quentin cries mildly when his caregiver departs. However, he is happy upon reunion, and then he continues to explore once the caregiver has returned. He would be classified as being

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Sakura isn't a particularly active child, and he tends to be wary of new situations and people. Although he doesn't cry, he dislikes dealing with novel situations. According to Thomas and Chess, he would be classified as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have had mothers put a dot of rouge on the noses of babies and place the babies in front of mirrors to see their reaction. These researchers are studying the concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about the transition to parenthood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, how long does phase 1 last?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following characterizes phase 1 of Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Baby Tia is crying. Her crying is characterized by the sudden appearance of loud crying without preliminary moaning, followed by breath holding. Identify this type of cry.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a characteristic of reciprocal socialization?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists stress that ________ play a more important role in a child's social competence than the attachment theorists, such as Bowlby and Ainsworth, are willing to acknowledge.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ has been the most consistent predictor of a secure attachment.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

A social smile differs from a reflexive smile in that a social smile

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth. It requires the infant to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding paternal caregiving is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Insecure avoidant babies show

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Andy showed secure attachment as an early infant, and now he is in his early childhood. Which of the following would we expect to see from Andy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Feelings or affects that occur when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being, are known as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Emotions that are present in humans and animals and that appear in the first 6 months of the human infant's development are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The recent focus on ________ emphasizes that individuals can engage in a more cognitive, flexible approach to stressful circumstances.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One study of two- and three-year-old children revealed that an increase in the number of child-care arrangements the children experienced was linked to a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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