Question 1

A thermoreceptor responds to:

Accepted Answer

A)  wet and/or dry environmental conditions.
B)  temperature.
C)  physical force.
D)  pain.

Question 2

Color vision in vertebrates is made possible by _____ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  cone
B)  rod
C)  amicrine
D)  ganglion

Question 3

Why do flatworms move away from light sources?

Accepted Answer

A)  to avoid skin cancer
B)  to avoid the mutagenic effects of direct sunlight
C)  to hide from predators
D)  Their prey are always found in dark environments.

Question 4

What part of a taste sensory neuron is directly involved with receiving stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A)  microvilli
B)  supporting cells
C)  axons
D)  papillae

Question 5

This map of the somatosensory cortex shows distorted body parts because:

Accepted Answer

A)  that is the only way an illustrator can fit all the parts into the picture.
B)  it reflects the relative amount of sensory cortex devoted to pressure and touch sensations from a body part.
C)  it reflects the number of muscle fibers that are devoted to stimulating a particular body part.
D)  it reflects differences in different people depending on how that person perceives his or her body parts.

Question 6

With the proper stimuli, chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors are depolarized. This is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium channels opening.
B)  sodium channels opening.
C)  chloride channels opening.
D)  sodium channels closing.
E)  potassium channels closing.

Question 7

Which of the following does NOT contribute to what is described as cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  problem solving
B)  regular breathing
C)  recollection of the past
D)  integration of information

Question 8

The malleus, incus, and stapes are all part of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  inner ear.
B)  middle ear.
C)  outer ear.
D)  cochlea.

Question 9

Variation in taste is the product of combining signals from different categories of taste buds. What cell type is MOST likely to be involved in this integration?

Accepted Answer

A)  supporting cells
B)  taste sensory neurons
C)  sensory microvilli
D)  interneurons

Question 10

Many television chefs will season their food, somewhat liberally, with salt and pepper. On occasion you will even hear the remark, "Salt wakes up the flavor of the food." Why would the addition of salt help to heighten the "taste" of the food?

Accepted Answer

A)  The salt changes the ion concentration in the mouth, activating salt-sensitive taste bud receptors and increasing the number of cells that depolarize and transduce other flavor signals to the brain.
B)  It does not heighten the taste of the food; everything just tastes salty.
C)  The salt can combine with the taste molecules so they bind more strongly to their receptors.
D)  The salt causes more saliva to be produced, and that results in more taste molecules reaching the taste cells in the mouth.

Question 11

When you actually perceive the "taste" of something you are eating, it means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  a single sensory cell has been depolarized and the signal has been transmitted to the area of the brain that perceives the taste.
B)  a single taste bud has been depolarized and the signal has been transmitted to the area of the brain that perceives the taste.
C)  multiple sensory cells have been depolarized by a sufficient amount of a food item and their combined EPSPs have been summed to transmit a signal to the brain.
D)  multiple sensory cells have been depolarized by a variety of food items.

Question 12

How many different types of chemoreceptors can be found in the taste buds?

Accepted Answer

A)  hundreds
B)  thousands
C)  40 to 50
D)  five

Question 13

The flexibility of the basilar membrane varies along its length. Activation of different regions of the basilar membrane enables perception of sounds of different:

Accepted Answer

A)  pitch.
B)  amplitude.
C)  intensity.
D)  loudness.

Question 14

The frequency of sound waves reaching the ear determines:

Accepted Answer

A)  intensity of sound.
B)  loudness.
C)  pitch.
D)  tone.

Question 15

What do spatial and temporal summation have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both lead to lateral inhibition.
B)  Both lead to adaptation to continuous stimuli.
C)  Both increase the firing rate of neighboring neurons.

Question 16

Light-sensing organs were thought to evolve FIRST in:

Accepted Answer

A)  cnidarians.
B)  vertebrates.
C)  bacteria.
D)  roundworms.

Question 17

Which region is LARGEST in a mammalian brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral cortex
B)  brainstem
C)  cerebellum
D)  hippocampus

Question 18

How are sound vibrations amplified in a vertebrate ear?

Accepted Answer

A)  by movements of the basilar membrane induced by fluid vibrations
B)  by movement of the bones of the middle ear
C)  by differences in the surface area of the eardrum versus the oval window
D)  by movement of the bones of the middle ear and by differences in the surface area of the eardrum versus the oval window

Question 19

In the figure below, panel a shows a photoreceptor and its postsynaptic cell in the dark, and panel b shows both cells in the light. What causes the change observed in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperpolarization of the rod cell in the dark causes release of a neurotransmitter.
B)  Hyperpolarization of the rod cell in the light inhibits release of a neurotransmitter.
C)  Depolarization of the rod cell in the light inhibits release of neurotransmitter.
D)  This figure is incorrect; dark and light are reversed.

Question 20

There are several references in the text to topographic mapping of sensory information in the brain. What is topographic mapping?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a spatial arrangement of neurons in the brain that preserves the spatial relationships of information received by a sensory system.
B)  It is a three-dimensional map that represents the receptive field of a given sensory receptor.
C)  It explains why each hemisphere of the brain interacts primarily with one-half of the body.
D)  It refers to the division of the brain into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.

Exam 36: Animal Sensory Systems and Brain Function

Variation in taste is the product of combining signals from different categories of taste buds. What cell type is MOST likely to be involved in this integration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the figure below, panel a shows a photoreceptor and its postsynaptic cell in the dark, and panel b shows both cells in the light. What causes the change observed in this figure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are sound vibrations amplified in a vertebrate ear?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What part of a taste sensory neuron is directly involved with receiving stimuli?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Light-sensing organs were thought to evolve FIRST in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do flatworms move away from light sources?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which region is LARGEST in a mammalian brain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do spatial and temporal summation have in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The flexibility of the basilar membrane varies along its length. Activation of different regions of the basilar membrane enables perception of sounds of different:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The frequency of sound waves reaching the ear determines:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many television chefs will season their food, somewhat liberally, with salt and pepper. On occasion you will even hear the remark, "Salt wakes up the flavor of the food." Why would the addition of salt help to heighten the "taste" of the food?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The malleus, incus, and stapes are all part of the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When you actually perceive the "taste" of something you are eating, it means that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A thermoreceptor responds to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Color vision in vertebrates is made possible by _____ cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are several references in the text to topographic mapping of sensory information in the brain. What is topographic mapping?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This map of the somatosensory cortex shows distorted body parts because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does NOT contribute to what is described as cognition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With the proper stimuli, chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors are depolarized. This is a result of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many different types of chemoreceptors can be found in the taste buds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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